THE NEW NATION OF INDONESIA

14 PAGES OF PICTURES BY HENRI CARTIER-BRESSON

REG, U, S, PAT. OFF.

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LAFE LIFE js published weekly. by TIME Ine., 540 N. Michigan Ave., Chicago 11, Il. Printed in U. 8. A. Entered as second-class matter November 16, 1936 at the Postoffice at Chi- Volume 28 Fubruary 18, 1960 Gagor under th set of March S, ISTH. Autuoned by Pest Ofies Deparimeat, Otiaws, Canads, as sctad-chas matter, Bubciplons $8.00 8 year in U-8 A-and Canada. Number

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LETTERS TO THE EDITORS

SUNDAY IN MISSOURI

(lure, Jan. 2

r hat we firmly believe is the backbone of

yet objective the faith of all ‘Tue Rev. Newroy E, Woopaury

« Tt seems to me that out of the many pictures you made of our town

sive and thriving... . Jane Manrens Perry Mexico, Mo. Sirs: We wish to thank you for coming

subject the following

was “Looking into L

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loderator Mt. Carmel Baptis Association

Mexico, Mo.

WILL ROGERS’ PLAYMATES

Lire, Jan. 23). She plays daily in the park where the statue stands and, since we know our child, she had been for- hidden to climb on the statue. Did she get caught!

Ons Rocens Fort Worth, Texas PS. I am sorry I cannot claim kin- ship to this great America

CONTINUED ON PAGE 8

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Reductions up to $105, And the 1950 Crosley cors have hundreds of improvements, mony exclusive features such as Hydradisc (airplane type hydrau- lic) Brakes ond Crosley engine with rugged cast iron block and 8 to 1 compression ratio. Save with © new Crosley—costs lest to buy, less to drive— up fo 50 miles on a gollon of regulor gasoline.

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LETTERS TO THE EDITORS

TINUE!

Sirs:

Your happy photograph of the horseback statue of my father in Fort Worth has a nostalgic look for me, my brother Jim and sister Mary, for we used to do that years and years ago when he rode around our yard on his tame little roping pony called Dopey.

Wut Rocers Jn. Beverly Hills, Calif.

THE BRA FAVORITE OF MILLIONS

ROGERS AND FAMILY: L. TO R. ‘WILL JR., JIM, WILL, MARY

STANDARD OIL BIRTHDAY

Sirs: ‘And 4 million women Your Standard Oil Birthday Chart Cant Ee. veongli Super: (a6

(Lire, Jan, 23) gives the impression parigicial beta that dececodach ot tbe five original haa nodal Nis oom BARA $s] founders of Standard Oil today dom- | co's most populer bre

inate and have in one connected sys- | Get yours TODAY! Rich rayon satin, White, tem a vast industrial empire. Actually pink, blue, block, 32-36 A; 32-38 B; 34-40 C. there isno such interconnection of re- | (Alto fine broadcloth) lationship as the chart shows. Stand-

Lovable Brossiere Co., Dept. 12, 358 Fifth Ave., NYC 1

Bargain for the family! Assorted colors. Famous tufted brush or Masso pro- fessional style. Stock up!

Offer good only in Continental U.S. A. and Hawait.

ard Oil Company (Indiana) hecame en- tirely independent in 1911... . There is absolutely no such interrelation- ship with other companies.

Also the implication that the origi- nal founders’ families are a great force in current ownership of this company is incorrect. . . . For many years no institutional stockholder has owned so much as 5% of the stock of our com- pany, and no individual has owned s0 much as 1%

Ronenr E, Witson

ce rman of the Board Standard Oil Co. (Indiana) Chicago, Il.

Sirs: In the Standard Oil Birthday Chart

you have used 1939 figures. Have these

percentages of ownership

Do the clude not only holdings of

the individual family

also those of enterprises like the

Rockefeller Foundation?

How about the independence of Standard Oil companies? What rela- tionship is there between them? ...

C. Rowenr Patt. Jn. Wynnewood, Pa,

© Lire listed stock holdings by family, not by individuals. The holdings of John D. Rockefeller Jr's family included those of the Rockefeller Foundation, which the family endows but does not control. As Lire’s story stated, the original trust was broken up into many sep- arate companies in 1911. They act independently and often competi- tively —ED.

Sirs:

The Orson automobile indicated on your Standard Oil Birthday Chart was not exactly a William Rockefeller project. I originated the Orson auto- mobile idea in 1905, and William and Percy Rockefeller were two of the original 100 “subscribers.”

The idea was to build the best car possible regardless of cost. When 100 cars were delivered the subscribers

CONTINUED ON PAGE 13

YOU'LL LOOK LOVELY, TOO,

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LETTERS TO THE EDITORS

ONTINUEL

would decide whether to finance large- scale production. The subscriber cluded bank officers, N.Y. Stock Ex- change members and other top execu- tives. Total assets of the group exceed- od half billion dollars. ... The model car was delivered, and a meeting was held. The decision was made that the automobile business would soon reach the saturation point and that it would be unwise to enter the business on a large scale. . ..

Onsow Kinons Southport, Conn.

TROPICAL FISH Sirs:

In your color picture of tropical fish (Lire, Jan. 23) four fish are labeled “Head -and-Tail-Light” (#23), but two—in the middle—are Hyphesso- brycon heterorhabdus, commonly known as Hemigrammus ulreyi.

1. L. Straus ‘The Westchester Aquarium Harrison, N.Y. © Both fish are Hyphessobrycon het- erorhabdus, Lire misplaced its label. So do many fish fanciers, who mis- takenly refer to them as Hemigram- mus ulreyi,—ED.

Sirs:

You say that in a community tank a Betta will do no harm. I disagree. Our Betta, Albert, is a bully. He took com- mand of the feeding ring immediately ‘on being put in with the rest of our trop- icals. No one else could get near it. Our snails, which are very helpful and harm- less,are afraidto comeoutof th for fear Albert will be there to swipe at them. A female black mollie went too near him one day, and guess what? The Betta etta! . . .

Ricuaro B. Gruen

New York, N.Y.

Sirs:

We had a male Betta in a tank with other tropical fish. He killed all of them. We then got a female Betta and she killed the male, She also bit off the feel- ers ofasnail. We call her Lucrezia Bor-

Mus. G. D. Wectes Jn. Toledo, Ohio

© Fishexpertsstill considertheBetta companionable with other fish, al- though allowances for individual temperament must be made.—ED.

Sirs: As the photographer who took them, I wish you would mention that all th pictures in the tropical fish story, m the center spread only, were taken at the New York Aquarium. Lito Hess

New York, N.Y. FAME MOCKS MOVIE STAR

Sirs: Has Lamberto Maggiorani of Bi- cycle Thief (Lire, Jan. 23) had any bet-

ter luck lately? Davin A. Reppinc Springfield, I.

© Yes, An Italian company is consid- ering making a film about his life, has offered him the lead. He has also been invited to Hollywood to play ina melodrama about the Black Hand. Right now he has a temporary job as a radio actor in Rome.—ED.

CONTINUED ON NEXT PAGE

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12

LETTERS TO THE EDITORS

ONTINUE!

COVER

Sirs:

boy or

Please tell me whether it agirlon the coverof your Jan. Pact. Rosixson

ta, Kan, Sirs:

What is happening to women? ‘They look like very efficient buttons— small, shiny, eager and empty little faces.

T. W. Perens

Wichita, Kan.

Century Issue that Dark Age III was just around the corner. Can't some- thing be done about it?

Jonn Van Dyke SAUNDERS hville, Tenn.

© Winthrop Sargeant agrees. “The Dark Ages are approaching faster than I had anticipated,” he says. Further evidence of the clouding of our culture in Lire last week in th ‘ome New Fig Leaves for Adam,” on the ways in which designers want to feminize male fashions.—E]

Sirs: Let's hope they can wear our shirts better than they have our pants!

Max C. Main Delaware, Ohio

Address the Editors at 9 Rockefeller Plaza New York 20, N.Y.

Tone ‘STATE

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13

SPEAKING OF PICTURES...

American babies answer questions

as expressively as any Frenchman

The broad possibilities of the photographic interview in which the subject answers questions simply by changing his facial expression re- mained relatively unexplored until Photographer Philippe Halsman conducted his now famous session with French Actor Fernandel (Lire, Dec. 28, 1948). Fernandel, who doesn’t speak English, answered Hals- man’s questions in pantomime with his fluid Gallic face. Halsman’s pho- tographs were so striking that they were incorporated into a book, The Frenchman, which is currently a best seller. Now the pantomimic in- terview has been carried further in a new book published this week, The Baby (Simon & Schuster, $1) in which the subjects are unable not only to speak English but to speak at all. Photographer Constance Bannister, a contributor to the book, insists that American babies are just as ex- pressive as full-grown Frenchmen. She feels she proves her point by the pictures on these pages which are answers to the questions listed below.

1) What is your opinion of Hedy Lamarr?

2) Don’t yourealize therearecollegesother than Harvard? 3) And how are things around your house?

4) What do you think of the international situation? 5) Did you notice how the Market closed today?

6) Do you believe that hemlines will be higher this year?

- —

5

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16

LIFES REPORTS

“is 2 Ks ‘SPIRIT OF JOAN OF ARC gives courage to the militant ladies Anita Pol- litzer (left) and Alice Paul, tireless veterans of the National Woman's Party.

SENATE’S LADIES’ DAY

Belligerent women and brave senators battle in Congress over the equal rights amendment by ALYCE MORAN and FRANK McNAUGHTON

Wasuincton, D.C.

Notso long ago President Truman, in one of his off-the-cuff speeches to a women’s political club here, took note of the fact that women now number nearly 52% of U.S. voters. “If we don’t look out, if we don’t look out,” he repeated ominously, “we will probably have a feminine government some day.”

The President's remark, intended mostly for what comedians call a “throw-away line,” nevertheless contained some of the shrewd po- litical insight for which Harry Truman is famous. For official Wash- ington knows as well as the humblest ward heeler that the women have definitely come of political age. That explains the enormous political power of India Edwards (head of the Women’s Division of the Na- tional Democratic Committee). It also explains why Mrs. Edwards has been able to wangle diplomatic plums for such politically helpful la- dies as Perle Mesta (Minister to Luxembourg) and Eugenie Anderson (Ambassador to Denmark).

Naturally enough, the phenomenon has been trumpeted most loud- ly by the women themselves—in particular that swarm of crusading ladies who last week were bustling through Washington, haranguing women’s clubs and buttonholing congressmen. Most of these ladies were leaders of the National Woman’s Party, probably the most mil- itant women’s organization in the country and certainly the most per- severing. For 27 years they have sustained their siege, arguing for what they consider the only method for recognizing the equality of women in the U.S. Their argument: stop discrimination against women by crasing any and all laws, federal and local, that do discriminate for or against women. Recognize once and for all (they demand) that women are equal to men in all respects, that they need no legislation to pro- tect them—or to protect men against them. So for 27 years they have struggled to get through either Senate or House their amendment to the Constitution: “Equality of rights under the law shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any state on account of sex.”?

The long campaign almost flopped before it got started. “In 1923," says 65-year-old Miss Alice Paul, “no less than 16 national women’s organizations opposed it—the women we had gone to prison to en- franchize,”. she adds bitterly. But these ladies do not give up easily.

CONTINUED ON PAGE 18

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's

EQUAL RIGHTS LEADER Ag- nes Wells (left) plots to gain rights.

LIFE’S REPORTS conrinueo

Indeed, some who were here last week still wear the silver cellgate- and-chain-lock pin that identi- fies them as the true veterans of the suffragette movement, those who actually went to jail.

This year things looked far brighter for the ladies than ever before. Congressmen were be- ginning to catch on to the simple political fact voiced by the Pres- ident. Ambushing the congress- men in the Capitol corridors, the ladies stepped up their cam- paign. Said Emma Miller (first vice chairman of National Wom- an’s Party), ‘ are still not per stitution. . . . Out in California through the chivalry of the la- boring man they passed a law saying that no woman .. . might carry 10 pounds up more than five steps. When the baby weighs more than 10 pounds I assume the father comes home to carry itup. . . ”Somestates, theladies went on, will not permit women to drive taxicabs or serve as bar- tenders. A dozen states discrim- inate against them on minimum wages. They suffer discrimina- tion in seeking public offices, too, the ladies added with just the proper note of self-pity and po- litical threat.

But as the amendment came to the floor of the Senate, it be- came evident that the women were not exactly united on the issue themselves. The lineup seemed to form, roughly, like this:

For:

The National Woman’s Party

The General Federation of Wom- en’s Clubs

The National Association of Col- ored Women

Bess Truman

Against:

The National League of Women

Voters National Consumer’s League The Y.W.C.A.

Women of the A.F. of L.

Women of the C.I.0.

The Women’s Bureau of the De- partment of Labor

Eleanor Roosevelt

CONTINUED ON PAGE 21

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LIFE’S REPORTS continues

To married congressmen this was not a startling discovery— thousands of women being un- able to agree on an issue. But some of the arguments brought up against the amendment made the senators sit up as they had not since the butter-oleo fight.

Offhand many of the senators were inclined to feel that voting against the amendment would be in a class with disapproving of motherhood. But an impos- ing array of senators stood up against the visiting ladies—such

One by one they braved the wrath of women scorned. They pointed out some rights that states now give to women and

give up these 1) materni- ty leaves, 2) d rights” upy a house on a mate’s eath, 3) protection against di- vorce proceedings on grounds of insanity. Senator Douglas rose to the equal rights amend- adopted, would it be possible for the husband to sue the wife on the ground that she was not adequately supporting him?” The answer was yes.

The most against the am ator Kefauver. “consider the Army laws can be passed that distin- guish man from woman .. . we shall be obliged to draft. .. wom- en just as we now draft men. . .. That would give us a few more women in the armed forces than men because I think the female portion of the population is a lit- tle greater than the male. distinction could be m: whether they would have to car- ry a rifle or operate a typewriter. ..-” Furthermore, he added, if you draft both father and moth- er in time of war, what do you do with the children?

‘The senator went on, “Isit the intention of the members of the ate to take the dower right of wome ashrewd blow might very well eliminate rape as a crime, inasmuch as by defini- tion it usually involves an act of aggression on the part of a male.” “And,” he continued, “will any lawyer deny that... the Mann Act will not be repealed

In the corridors the argu- ments were hotter even than on the floor of the Senate. When an opponent to the amendment voiced theslogan of “specific bills for specific ills,” i.c., attack in- dividual discriminations in the states, she was drowned out by a slogan from the ladies for the amendment: “All our democrat- ic principles don’t apply to you. apply to your brothe jonally one of the amend-

je as to

CONTINUED ON NEXT PAGE

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LIFE'S REPORTS contimueo

ment supporters burst into song: Welcome th

by “The walls that hold us from HOU AL our onward sweeping.

Walls barring scomen ever

CAPP ieee

These walls must fall.”

So it went. Finally, on the Sen- ate floor, up rose Arizona's Carl Hay ly mother,” he in- toned, “did for me what my fa- could not do. She brought me into the world and as a babe k me to her breast. . . . that men and women are inherently different, plain common sense tells me that the

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22

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23

LIFE

Eorromas-Cutse Henry R. Luce

welt, really! | never figured me .| ina on skates so--00, ||

when the rink suggested the new “CHICAGOS," | bought ‘em mostly. \ because my mechanically minded brother is such a complete goon )

!

{

v

about how they're built. So imagine my bh when | took off

» and the divine lad

KIRK DOUGLAS stor of “CHAMPION”, c Stanley Kramer Production for United Artists

Ne 287 DANCE

that's instructing at the rink insisted | was just the gal for him. (He

mentioned the wise choice of skates —the big dope—anybody

Y orn tell "CHICAGOS” are definitely top:

<y Naturally, the

skate date is

y steady Eddi

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e

Hallow, Mary Harber, Nor

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24

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LIFE

REG. U.S. PAT. OFF.

Vol. 28, No. 7 February 13, 1950

COPYRIGHT UNDER INTERNATIONAL COPYRIGHT CONVENTION. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED UNDER PAN-AMERICAN COPYRIGHT CONVENTION. COPYRIGHT I) BY TIME INC.

CONTENTS

THE WEEK'S EVENTS

THE BARKLEYS BECOME CAPITAL'S NO. 1 GUESTS PHOTOGRAPHED FOR LIFE BY H. G. WALKER

EDITORIAL: EVERYBODY'S BUSINESS. THE YEARLINGS FROLIC AT A HINT OF SPRING... THE U.S. HAS A WEEK OF SHOCK AND DECISION, COMMUNISTS APPLY NEEDLE IN BERLIN. "MO" GETS OFF. ALPHA EPSILON Pi USES PIE TO RAISE DOUGH. INGRID BERGMAN HAS A BABY...... BRITISH CONSERVATIVES HOLD SCHOOL FOR HECKLERS.

PHOTOGRAPHIC ESSAY ‘THE NEW INDONESIA... PHOTOGRAPHED FOR LIFE BY HENRI CARTIER-BRESSON CLOSE-UP TEMPEST ON THE TIBER, by JOHN KOBLER. FASHION ‘SWIMMING CAPS. MEDICINE PNEUMONIA...... BOOKS 60,000 LETTERS FOR A COLT.........0200000005 TRANSPORTATION $35,000 AUTOMOBILE.............. perOCteo ree} SPORTS THE RED WINGS........... ‘ 0 MOVIES DUMB BLONDE IN HOLLYWooD. aaa icamienctetniea ANIMALS A GOOD PROVIDER. PHOTOGRAPHY PHOTOGRAPHY'S OWN MUSEUM..........000. RADIO DUFFY'S LATIN TAVERN, ...0.....5055 aeevesesttinraterseesesesss OTHER DEPARTMENTS LETTERS TO THE EDITORS....... pias SPEAKING OF PICTURES . . . AMERICAN BABIES CAN ANSWER QUESTIONS JUST AS EXPRESSIVELY AS ANY FRENCHMAN 4 LIFE REPORTS: SENATE'S LADIES’ DAY, by ALYCE MORAN and FRANK McNAUGHTON. 16

LIFE GOES TO A GARAGE HOEDOWN 128 MISCELLANY: 10 ARTISTS PAINT A PICTURE. 2130

aasegeae 8

18

senaeredo ll

‘THE COVER AND ENTIRE CONTENTS OF LIFE ARE FULLY PROTECTED BY CoPy- RIGHTS IN THE UNITED STATES AND IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES AND MUST NOT BE ‘REPRODUCED IN ANY MANNER WITHOUT WRITTEN PERMISSION

LIFE’S COVER

While photographing the essay on the new In- donesia for Lire (pp. 82-95), Henri Cartier-Bresson came upon a girl standing quietly in a shady spot, resting near a bicycle repait shop in the shopping district of Jogjakarta. He was impressed by the classic Javanese beauty of her calmly exotic, heart- shaped face, with its wide smooth cheeks, tiny chin and quiet brown eyes. A lacy-edged white kerchief (kerudung) covers her black hair. Over her flowered jacket (kebaja) she wears ascarflike slendang, which crosses one shoulder and wraps around the waist.

age by page, shows the aource from which each picture in this issue was gathe ule page is indebted to several sources, credit is recorded picture by picture Weftio right, top to botom) and line by line (lines separated by dashes) unless otherwise

—wowanp sociunex yh ELSOFON Bc.

ig rower w: neuer BChaneis a Ewing rote "MAGNUM exe. war wr

ag-tooMis DEM ‘Soon se tezABeTH cha, SRT Wennem WOLFF reow 8S —cuxt ay ANTHONY

nO os wv DR. FRANK M. NETTER.

Wet 4 OF, FRANK HL NETTER OX. T LT, WERNER ates

Wourr re Ress rnoTo, SEAvicE” MOTOREPORTER. FOTO S§—MERNER WOLTT F10x BS. TRIMGOLI™ "tA "SETTIMANA INCOM, CORDON CWALIAGE KIRKLAND THOMAS D, MEAVOY

Gohensear Gene

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Se Sroserr swALLMAN. ‘p—nowAno socHURER ‘BROBERT SHALLMAN xc. sor. HOWARD SOCHUREX:

AmpREWAviONS wor, porToN: CEN. Cones. EXC. eXcerT LT. LEFT, AT. RIGWT: TOR AP. ASSOCIATED rREaS fis, BLACK STAR: INT. INTERMATIONAL THE ASSOCIATED press 1s exciusiveL’ ENTITLED To The Use FoR Rerue: Tigknion wiryin THe .5-oF THE PICTURES PUBLISHED MEREIM ORIGINATED BY LIFE OR OBTAINED FROM THE ASSO ATED PRESS.

{ba Tai at—Rov stevens

How we retired with °200 a month

"Seems queer, but it was the crash of 1929 that showed Janet and me the one sure way a salaried man can retire. No —we didn’t see it coming. Like our friends, we had put our savings in invest- ments. They crashed with everything else. Yet today we're retired and living in California, with a check for $200 com- ing in each month—as long as we live.

“You see, I did some hard thinking then. Maybe I could save again. But how could I hope to tell a good buy from a poor one? I had no training.

“What's more, I was forty-two. My working years were more than half over already. I couldn't afford to speculate. And I didn't want to keep worrying about my future.

“I guess I'd been reading ads about Phoenix Mutual Retirement Income Plans for years. I'd always meant to write in and find out more about them, But I'd kept putting it off. Later—when I have more money saved up again, I'd say. (I thought you had to be rich to retire.)

“Then, one afternoon, I happened to read another Phoenix Mutual Retire- ment Income ad. You didn’t have to have a lot of money in the bank, it said. If you had fifteen or twenty good earning years ahead of you, your income could be ab- solutely guaranteed for life. A man of forty could plan to forget all investment worries and still retire at, say, 60. The only secret was to start in time

«. the younger the better.

PLAN FOR

“Well, it won't cost anything to look into it, I said, So I cut out the coupon at the bottom of the ad and mailed it in. Pretty soon my mail brought a booklet telling all about Retirement Income Plans. It showed how I could get an income of $200 a month, every montl when I hit sixty. It was an couldn't lose, couldn’t outlive! And meanwhile, it protected my family with life insurance.

“Then and there, I decided . . . I'd let Phoenix do my investment worrying. As soon as I could, I applied for a Phoenix Mutual Plan.

“Eighteen years pass faster than most, folks realize. We enjoyed them more be- ‘cause we knew that we were financially secure: A whileago, I got my first Phoenix Mutual check and retired. Janet and I drove West. We've bought a little house in California and we're having the time of our lives—free from worries about jobs or dividends.

Send for Free Booklet

‘This story is typical. Assuming you qualify at a young enough age, you can plan to have an income of $100 to $200 amonth or more—starting at age 55, 60, 65 or older. Send the coupon and receive, by mail and without charge, a booklet which tells about Phoenix Mutual Plans. Similar plans are available for women— and for employee pension programs

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27

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28

BARKLEY BEGOME CAPITALS ND.1 GUESTS

PHOTOGRAPHED FOR LIFE BY H.G. WALKER

As fiercely as the Sioux ever coveted the scalp lock of General Custer, the Veep and his Is turn down most of them—find the Washington ho: now covet the presence of Vice President and Mr » mere nts but a witty, stimulating pair. Shi

Alben Barkley at their parties. In the six weeks since the newlyweds took charming and vivacious; he is full of homespun Kentucky humor. They up residence in the Veep’s apartment at 2101 Connecticut stand out at the biggest affairs and at the intimate ones, like the dinner , they have received some 200 invitations to dinners, lunch (for which they a -dabov Mrs. Douglas MacArthur I on s, cocktail parties, dedications ‘ In their busiest wee Jan. 24 for the Duke and Duche indsor. In the last two weeks they between them attended eight major functions, climaxe a ntonly three evenir ind even those have been constant- party on Feb. 3 given by Mrs. Morris Cafritz (next page). rrupted by the ri ephone, which the butler answers s lucky enough to have their invitations accepte with, “I'm sorry, the Vice President and Mrs. Barkley have gone out.

29

be held on Feb. 16, Mrs. Bark IN VEEP'S OFFICE Mrs, Barkle ! f th

aman (se 5 ye Blst Congress, Later she watched from

WITH MRS. “CHIP” ROBERT, her

AT CAFRITZ PARTY—a “little” after-dinner r z frit ing IN ANIMATED CONVERSATION, Veep’s wife talks 0 guests—the Barkleys chat v e ce fi to Mrs. Gordon ¢ hile he chats with Se odge Jn

IN A POSTER POSE Mrs. I

with Cheryl Ann Chisholm, 6, to aid nat

AT CLARK CLIF: they talk with the (

nin their = WHEN HE CRAC: honor, Mrs. Barkley h bow- ic yy” Williams. told me I’m talking t

CONTINUED ON NEXT race «= (31

The Barkleys conrinueo

JANIE, BACK FROM SCHOOL, FINDS SOMEBODY HOME

THE VEEP’S HOME LIFE IS SHORT AND SWEET

8:40 a.m, Mrs. Bi 8 Id daughter Janie Hadley scurries off to

Arms School (her other daughter, 17-year-old An

is at college in New Orleans), Usually the Barkley

0 and soon after the Veep leave nate, which

GROOMING VEEP, Mrs. Barkle he leaves for Senate. Below: their

while the V but like an

PARTY DRESS {

St. Alb

EDITORIALS

EVERYBODY'S BUSINESS

CHARLIE CHAPLIN IN “THE GOLD RUSH”

ANYTHING FOR A LAUGH

Al Capp, creator of the comic-strip world of Lil Abner, comes up with some interesting ob- servations on laughter in an article on Charlie Chaplin in the February Atlantic Monthly. Re- calling Chaplin’s famous depiction of the little tramp who goes from one dream-shattering ex- perience to another, Mr. Capp says, “We didn’t laugh because we were heartless wretches. We laughed because we are normal human beings, full of self-doubt, full of vague feelings of infe- riority, full of a desperate need to be reassured. . + No matter how badly off any one of us was, we were all in better shape than that bum. The fact that we'd had enough spare cash to buy a ticket to that movie made us superior to him. ‘That was the first thing that made us feel good. Next, we saw him starving, That wasn’t going to happen to us—another reason for feeling su- perior, better off at least than one person.””

Philosopher Capp argues that all laughter has this sort of psychological origin. The theory is provocative, and addicts of the U.S. comic strip may well feel that Mr. Capp has covered everything. But as an all-embracing explana- tion Mr. Capp’s notion is suspect. Mr. Capp has explained practically everything about laugh- ter except one thing: he hasn’t told us why we laugh when we are just plain happy.

34

IT IS TAXES, AND THIS IS A GOOD TIME FOR FUNDAMENTAL REFORMS

Ever since the early ’30s the annual con- gressional fight over taxes has had a depress- ingly familiar ring. Basic questions of tax structure have been subordinated to the sin- pe question: How much? By all the portents,

jowever, the time is now ripe for a funda- mental reappraisal of general tax philoso- phy. The President himself has provided the clearest challenge for Congress to take a de- tached look at the over-all tax system. “It is highly important,” he says in his budget message, “that we begin to make the basic changes in the tax system which are needed to make it more equitable and to provide incen- tives for producing the amounts and types of investment, consumption and savings which will contribute to an expanding economy.’

Taking the President's words at face val- ue, what they say in effect is that the tax phi- losophy of the stagnant °30s is not applicable to the dynamic *50s. In the °30s the “con- sumer” (a somewhat lopsided abstraction) was absolute king in White House economic thinking. President Truman has certainly not forgotten the consumer but, at least for talking purposes, has pushed him back into line abreast of the investor and the savings bank depositor, who now figure in presiden- tial discourse as the consumer’s coequals.

Unfortunately the President's specific tax program does not bear out the promise of his generalities. Instead it suggests that Mr. Truman himself is not fully aware of what he has said in principle. His program is a mix- ture of cross-pui and cloudy motiva- tion. The cece to lower the excise tax on luxuries, for instance, is in line with the needs of an expanding economy. The proposal to rations at a higher rate is not. But ve the specifics and concentrate on the principle involved. It entails—or ought to entail—a healthy repudiation of the idea that the U.S. economy has become “mature” —i.e., built to the point where it needs no big new infusions of risk capital. A mature econ- omy needs one type of tax philosophy; an ex- panding economy requires quite another.

In the stagnant °30s, when the late John Maynard Keynes ‘and his economist disci- ples were riding high, a superficially intelli- gent case could be made out for the theory that population growth had leveled off for- ever and that human desires had ceased to be elastic. In line with their static theory of the future the Keynesians quite logically ad- yocated a tax penalty on thrift. There was positive danger, said the Keynesians, in pil- ing up money in sterile bank vaults or in re- dundant industrial plant. Today, on the threshold of the dynamic °50s, the fallacies of the Keynesian approach are beginning to show. The problem of the ’50s is seen to be many faceted: new plant is needed to make up for the frightful destruction of war, new businesses are needed to care for steadily in- creasing populations and the new needs of old populations. The world is hungry for cap- ital, for savings.

One way to leave savings in the hands of investors is to slice the baiget. But the ques- tion of tax reform stands quite apart from

the question of budget levels, Even at a high budget level it should be possible to encour- age risk takers. The job before Congress is to formulate a tax system that will not un- fairly discriminate against the investor, who is the planter of the seed that grows all tax money. A number of farsighted individuals and organizations have been extremely busy of late with tax plans designed to stimulate the economy, and Congress should pay at- tention to them. The Committee for ‘Eco. nomic Development has one plan. Mr. Lew- is S. Rosenstiel of Schenley Industries has another. The Messrs. Conick and Main of Pittsburgh have a third. Mr. E. K. Hall, an engineer of Farmington, Conn., has a fourth. Details differ among the planners, but it is petals noteworthy that all of them have one thing in common: they put especial stress on rescuing the risk-taking investor from the double jeopardy in which Keynes- ian tax philosophy has placed him,

Double jeopardy falls hardest upon that abused and essential character, the com- mon-stock holder, He is taken to be fair game for any amount of nicking. Under present tax law, dividend funds are taxed twice: first as corporate profit, second as stock dividends. Contrary to popular impression this double taxation does not really get at the torpid rich, who can and do invest their money in indus- trial bonds (taxed only once) or in municipal bonds (not taxed at all). Instead it penalizes the adventurous citizen, rich or poor, who is looking for an opportunity to put his savings to work creatively.

‘The various tax planners we have cited offer different means of putting the stock in- vestor back on a fairer tax basis. The Com- mitice for Economic Development and Mr, Rosenstiel would eliminate double jeopardy by allowing a tax credit on dividends or cor-

income. The Messrs. Conick and Wain would put a ceiling on higher income brackets at 50% of income. Mr. Hall would tax all income at a flat rate, but he would couple this feature with a law requiring in- dustries to issue extra stock to workers and stockholders in annual amounts equal to un- divided profits.

If pressed, Mr. Truman would probabl square his specific demand for an extra bil- lion in corporation taxes with his general phi- losophy by saying that he favors lowering the tax on the small and middle-size corpora- tion. Well, thereis a great need for incentives to investment in small business. But the fact remains that the investor in big industry is often a “little” man—and itis not reasonable that he be placed in double tax jeopardy.

To sum up: There should be no additional taxes this year. There should be tax reform. If more money is needed to fight Commu- nism, which is what all measures of military and economic defense come to, that money can and should be taken out of 1) thenational pork barrel and 2) a lot of services, from air- mail subsidies to farm-price supports, which are generally considered to be right and nec- essary. Along with tax reform, new national priorities on expenditure may be called for.

THE YEARLINGS FROLIC AT A HINT OF SPRING

Winter was clamped on the land like a great gray headache, but here and there the aspirin of un- seasonable spring relieved it. On a thoroughbred horse farm near Glenarm, Md., the temperature

at January’s end was near 70°. The warmth set the yearlings racing, running with springy hoofs over the dry grass, running not at a command but

PICTURE OF THE WEEK

y. Thus a photographer caught them on a

autiful and friendly animals, rollick- ing with their last free spring ahead of.them. After that they will still run, separately or together, all across the land, run for what joy they may get from the knowledge that Joe Doakes has bet two bucks on them and hopes they drop dead if they lose.

35

A WEEK OF SHOGK AND DEGISION

A hint that we have lost the arms race—the order to make the H-bomb— a plea to wage peace—the espionage case against an atomic scientist

The momentous week began like any other, with everybody pay- ing closest attention to what seemed to concern him most. Thus President Truman took thought about how to phrase his decision to build the hydrogen bomb, Ingrid Bergman was urgently con- cerned with the imminent birth of her baby and Lauritz Melchior was busy preparing to quit the Metropolitan Opera Company. A number of people bent every effort to see that the week should be remembered as National Kraut and Frankfurter Week; a number of others strove to make National Youth Week even more mem- orable. Around the globe others were being single-minded about deluges, droughts and debts. And in Harwell, Britain’s big atomic- research center, an unobtrusive phy: named Klaus Emil Julius Fuchs went about his top-secret work with the satisfied feeling of a man who has recently won a promotion and a raise. Meanwhile cer- tain forces were in motion; they were to result in decisions of pro- found meaning to many millions of people, and to shock them into

understanding, more deeply than ever, what themeaning was. Ason the eve of Dec. 7, 1941, these forces were not recognized in advance.

UT in Denver an interviewer asked a man

what he thought about the atomic bomb now. “I just feel better,” the man said uncomfortably, speaking for millions, “when I don’t think about it.” He wasn’t being complacent or putting his head in the sand, but it did seem to be pretty useless to worry about something that, like tomorrow’s sunrise, was

DR. UREY SAYS, “WE MAY HAVE LOST RACE”

entirely out of his hands. But for anybody who read the papers or listened to the radio or couldn’t afford a desert island, it was getting harder all the time not to worry and to avoid thinking about it.

As the week went on it became harder. First there was that weekend speech of Dr. Harold C. Urey to shudder over. As the discoverer of heavy hydrogen, which made the building of an H-bomb possible, and as a man not given to loose talk, he could hardly be brushed off asan alarmist. Because of a “curious prej- udice” on the part of government advisers against certain kinds of atomic development, Dr. Urey said, e may have already lost the armaments race.” Since the race was on in earnest, “I am very un- happy to conclude that the hydrogen bomb should be developed and built.” If the Russians built it first, he foresaw an ultimatum so effective as tomake the bomb’s use unnecessary. If we built it first, since

36

ultimatums are out of character for the Western na- tions, Urey asked, “then what do we do next?” And if both got it, there would be a dangerously unstable equilibrium. The only solution would be an Atlan- tic Union so strong as to overwhelmingly tip the bal- ance of power in our favor.

The speech was still sinking in when President ‘Truman made it even harder to avoid thinking about atoms, In a 127-word statement he said he had "di- rected the Atomic Energy Commission to continue its work on all... atomic weapons, including the so-called hydrogen or superbomb.” There would have been greater cause for alarm had the President said anything else, but there was hardly cause for

‘SENATOR McMAHON ASKS “PEACE CRUSADE”

complacency in the thought that we were off on a search for something not just 1,000 times as destrue- tive as the atomic bomb but limitlessly destructive.

‘Then two days later Brien McMahon (D., Conn.), chairman of the Joint Congressional Committee on Atomic Energy and a deeply troubled man, made a bold, persuasive speech to the Senate. The U.S. had a choice, as he saw it, of 1) “resigning ourselves toa generation of waging the cold war... pouring out our substance to stay ahead in the weapons competition even after the Kremlin becomes armed with hydro-

PHYSICISTS DISAGREE on the wisdom of making the H-bomb openly instead of secretly. At a press confer- ence at Columbia University, called to urge that the U.S.

gen bombs,” or 2) “moving heaven and earth to stop theatomicarmaments race. . . [and] tap to the roots the resources of our ingenuity and imagination.”

What he offered was a super-Marshall Plan, to cost $10 billion a year for five years, or two thirds our present military budget, to be matched by two thirds of other nations’ military budgets and to be dedicated to giving a decent life to the two thirds of the world’s peoples who “live continuously at the margins of starvation.” Somehow Russia would have to go along, and as a persuader the senator sug- gested a vast step-up in the Voice of America, to give it thundering amplification behind the Iron

Curtain, Reported the slightly awe-struck New York Times, “Mr. McMahon, who is aware of many atom- ic ‘secrets’ by virtue of his position, held many of his

Senate colleagues in asort of chilly suspense as hede- scribed the potentialities of the hydrogen bomb.” When the suspense was over, he was congratulated on all sides. His hope that the Russians could be coaxed aboard the bandwagon might be far-fetched, but his daring approach would certainly be explored, And, as propaganda, it might have a profound effect on the Russian people.

‘The week’s greatest blow to complacency, how- ever, was not the Truman announcement, nor the McMahon word picture of “chunks of the sun” be-

FUCHS’S IDENTITY PHOTO AT LOS ALAMOS:

declare “that we shall never use this bomb first,” most raised hands (above) against secrecy. Several of thesemen worked with Klaus Fuchs at Los Alamos during the war.

ing used to incinerate 50 million Americans in a mat- ter of minutes. Nor was it Defense Secretary Louis Johnson's saber-rattling pronouncement that he

as getting the U.S. ready “to lick hell out of her” if Russia broke the peace. It was, rather, something that none of the three knew about when he spoke.

In London's Shell-Mex House, home of the British Atomic Energy Commission, a policeman walked up to one of the agency's brightest brains and ar- rested him as a spy, He was Dr. Klaus Fuchs, Ger- man-born, but a British n. He was accused of having twice, in 1945 and 1947, given away atomic secrets that could be useful to an enemy.

The long trail that led to Fuchs was picked up last fall when British intelligence found a serious leak at Harwell. Counterespionage agents kept running into secrets in Russian hands that could only have come from someone familiar with American atomic installations. The British called in the FBI, which sent some of its smartest operatives to London. To- gether they built up a file to construct a theoretical

HOOVER (RIGHT) TELLS OF THE FBI HUNT

picture of the unknown spy and by a painstaking process of elimination narrowed the field to one man: Klaus Fuchs. From that point to his arrest last week their quarry was under intense surveillance. Although his British bosses never knew it, Fuchs had been a Communist almost since his naturaliza- tion in 1942, For three years, while working in Amer-

At left is Dr. Edward U, Condon, Bureau of Stand: director, once hounded by House Un-American Activ ties Committee. He sat in on conference but took no part.

ica on the Manhattan Project, he had had access to the highest of secrets. And as Lieut. General Leslie coves, who headed the project, told the stunned Joint Committee later in the week, that may have included hydrogen-bomb secrets. Fuchs’s aid to the Russians was no small thing, said General Groves;

Fuchs and the traitorous scientist Dr. Alan y they may have given the U.S.S.R. “well

DR. SEITZ DECLARES WE MUST SPEED UP

over a year’s advantage” in its frantic race to build an atomic bomb. From FBI Director J. Edgar Hoo- yer senators got the impression that the FBI might be on the trails of still other important spies. After all this shocking news it was almost an anti- climax when Professor Frederick Seitz, of the Uni- versity of Illinois, told fellow members of the Amer- ican Physical Society that Russia's atomic develop- ment has moved “at least five times greater” than our own rate of advance since the war. Fuchs may have helped, said Dr. Seitz, but the big reason for Russia’s speed was her concentration of probably more than half her national income on military de- velopment. He urged that it would be immoral for the U.S. not to speed up too: “Who among us will less,” he asked, “if he has remained passively by while Western culture was being overwhelmed?"

CONFERRING on security at an emergency session of Senate committee, Tom Connally (left) and McMahon hear from AEC Chairman David E. Lilienthal (center).

PRESIDING at physicists’ press conference, Cornell's Dr. H. A. Bethe declares that work on the H-bomb should have proceeded in complete secrecy, as with the A-bomb.

WARNING that Fuchs may have had access to H-bomb data came from Lieut. General Leslie Groves (ret.) war-

time atomic-energy head, shown with Fuchs’s picture.

37

POLICE SIGN WARNS: 205 TRUCKS AT ZONAL BORDER

THE REDS APPLY

“Baby blockade,” which clogs up

The Communist needle, always poised, was jab- bing at a sore spot in Germany last week, At the Rus- sian zonal border 110 miles from Berlin, trucks load- ed with goods for West Berliners were stalled in mile- long lines (lef?) while Russian guards fiddled end- lessly with their cargo and papers. It was a “baby blockade,”? turned on and off capriciously to create a nuisance—and also to remind the West that Rus- sian whims could cut Berlin’s life lines at any time.

Though at the week's end Russian caprice had

“MO” GETS FREE

Diagram shows how ship got off

38

After 15 days of torturous effort the Navy finally got the mighty Missouri free. The 45,000-ton bat- tleship was hung up in Chesapeake Bay on a bed of sand which hardened like concrete under the ship's weight. The sand bar is shown as if there were no water around the hull in this drawing, which sum- marizes in chronological order the high points of the salvage operation. First, an Army dredge (shown

standing by at 1) scooped out a channel 2 between the sand bar and the deep water the battleship had carelessly left. Then, after lightening the ship by pumping its heavy fuel into tankers (one is shown at 3) and unloading unneeded stores onto barges (like the one at 4), salvage divers were sent down at point 5 to dig away at the heavy sand and fasten pontoons 6 which would increase the ship's buoy-

A U.S. MOTHER LOOKS OVER WORK OF BERLIN REDS

NEEDLE IN BERLIN

the autobahn, is latest technique

—temporarily, at least—lifted the blockade, their East German government was still needling Amer- icans and others to quit the capital. Communist youths scrawled inscriptions on American homes in- viting them to depart (above). The point was uns derscored by Communist Gerhart Eisler, who had skipped bail in the U.S. and is the Red propaganda chief in East Germany. In a rally staged provo tively right on the border between Easternand West- ern Berlin, Eisler told all Allied residents to get out.

ancy. A commercial dredge 7 was called in to clear away more of the bar and pairs of heavy anchors marked with buoys 8 were set out for the Missouri's stern winches to pull against in an effort to help her- self out backward. Two anchored salvage ships 9, equipped with block and tackle to increase the pull, were added to help heave. Still too heavy, the ship unloaded her 2,205 tons of ammunition onto barges

(like that at 10). Explosive charges were planted amidships at point II to loosen the sand. Finally two sets of powerful tugs I2 were attached by cables to pull straightaway at the stern while another team of tugs I3 alternated back and forth from starboard to port in a 180° arc (dotted line) to swing the ship loose from her sticky vise. After four tries—and many other miscellaneous measures, which includ-

ed rumming the crew back and forth across the deck to rock the ship—the Missouri was freed last week with the help of a lucky wind-pushed high tide and towed to drydock. The only real damage proved to bean easily repairable 25-foot gash in her outer skin (arrow at 14) caused by running onto a steel plate of a shipwreck buried in the sand. Then the Navy went to work to determine the cause of the fiasco.

39

BIDDING STARTS between Rita Lincoln and Dave Bergrin. She says, “Two bucks.” He puffs, says, “Three.”

AWAITING PIE, Rita clamps shut her eyes and mouth, tries to hold breath. Friend holds Rita and towel in place.

ALPHA EPSILON

PRIZEWINNERS DISPLAY TROPHIES BEFORE TARGET

40

PIE IN EYE nearly smothers Rita, and Dave rubs it

in her ears and her hair to get all his $8.50 worth of fun.

GETTING READY, Rita grabs a bath towel and backs off shouting, “Dave, don’t you dare to mess up my hair.”

NEXT CUSTOMER takes good look at Rita, wonders if she has enough money to be safe when bidding starts.

PL USES PIE TO RAISE DOUGH

At Georgia University, college girls get plastered for a good cause

The pies, donated by two Athens bakers, were de- signed for consistency rather than taste. All 90 were thick and wet, heavy with flour and just gummy enough to withstand short flights. The auctioneer who sold them over a public address system was pleasantly raucous and the targets themselves were most of them were pretty coeds. Their ‘owing contest was, the members of Alpha psilon Pi figured, a sure-fire blend of three college favorites—noise, violence and just plain mess. Be- sides, it was for a good cause. For three straight years their fraternity had been the University of Geor- gia’s champion money raiser for the March of Dimes fund for infantile paralysis. They hoped this con- test would put them on top for the fourth time. ‘The rules were simple and ingenious. The contest- ants bid against each other in pairs. The high bidder

won the pie and the right to throw it at the loser’s face. To be on the throwing end cost money—some- times as much as $8 or $9—and even the most sport- ing winners were reluctant to take wild chances. In- stead of standing off and throwing the high-priced wares, nine out of 10 walked up to their victim, who stood with head sticking through a hole in a canvas target, and smeared the pie into face and hair. “It feels cold,” said one senior of her experience, “very cold and mushy. It feels as if your whole head and hair were suddenly covered with thick glue.” Some targets like Rita Lincoln (above) were signed or recalcitrant. But others, like Alpha E lon Pi’s sweetheart (opposite page), seemed to love it. When they were all smeared and the show was over, the fraternity doorstep was deep in pie. But they were champs again: the pies had sold for $340.

+

NINE DOLLARS WORTH OF PIE HITS THE FACE OF JOAN RUDEN, THE FRATERNITY SWEETHEART 4

Al

INGHID BERGMAN HAS A BABY /

Rossellini accepts congratulations on the birth of 7 Ib. 14 0z. boy

Actress Ingrid Bergman gave birth to a 7-pound, 14-ounce boy in Rome last week. The event fasci- nated more than it shocked a world full of people who had followed the romance between Miss Berg- man and Movie Director Roberto Rossellini.

Miss Bergman was still the wife of Dr. Peter Lind- strom, but it appeared that the baby’s father was Rossellini. He rushed to the hospital just in time for the birth, happily accepted con- gratulations afterward and said that the baby’s name would be Roberto. His reli- gious adviser forecast Cath- olic baptism for the infant. Meanwhile the Church had not yet annulled Rossellini’s previous marriage—a union which was dissolved by civil action in January. Miss Berg- man hadalready applied fora quick Mexican divorce from Dr. Lindstrom and hoped to get it this month.

All this news was reported in great detail on page one by most U.S. and Europe- an newspapers. From Rome, Lire’s Roy Rowan reported:

“Oddly it was Ingrid’s rival, Italian Actress Anna Magnani (see close-up on page 115), who saved the hospital from immediate storming by the Rome press. That night most of the city’s newsmen were viewing the special premiere of her new movie, Vol- cano. But by midnight photographers swarmed in the dark around the locked iron grille gate at Villa Margherita Hospital.

“Rossellini angrily resisted pictures because on Jan, 22 an Italian photographer had caught the only pregnancy pictures made of Ingrid (right). Rossellini had that photographer arrested.

“His resistance only heightened the newsmen’s competition after the baby was born. The press called the locked hospital ‘Rossellini’s Iron Cur

THE FATHER glares at Lire’s Roy Row- an and Jack Bins (right, rear) at hospital.

tain,’ and the graying director of the institution complained, ‘Our clinic is missing a great opportu- nity for publicity.’ Finally the director agreed to let the press in without cameras. He regretted this decision. Reporters bombarded bashful Catholic sisters with questions. Cameramen dashed into op- erating and X-ray rooms, flung open linen closets and ducked into wards, star- tling the patients, while the squealing, white-robed sis- ters chased them along the hallways.

“The carabinieri at last cleared the press from the building. Several photogra- phers left and returned later on motorcycles, disguised as messengers. Onearrived ina Homburg, striped pants and ~) spatsposingasaSwedish Em-

bassy representative carry-

% — inganurgent message for In- grid Bergman. Another gam-

/ bled on his wife’s pregnancy to gain admission. Rushing her to the hos] nounced shewasin labor. Ex- amination showed this was one month away, and the deflated pressman and bulging wife were ushered quietly out of the gate. Still resisting photography, Rossellini charged at a group of cameramen and grappled inconclusively with L1re’s Jack Birns.”

The Vatican newspaper L’Osservatore Romano deplored all this and more too: ™. n affair in which, in the face of divorce laws, invoked but not yet applied, is... openly, undeniably and clam- njugal fidelity.” Considering the paternity laws of Italy and Cal- ifornia (where Dr. Lindstrom plans a divorce), it seemed that the baby’s name will be Lindstrom until somebody finds a legal loophole by which this can beavoided. Meanwhile the baby’s nurse said, “Eat, eat, eat! That's about all the fat little pigeon does.”

wR

ae

LA ge ee

THE MOTHER turns her head away from an Italian cameraman who snapped this revealing picture Jan. 22.

WILLIAM THE CONQUEROR

There have been many famous children born out of wedlock. The pictures above show five of them. William the Conqueror, who ruled England in the 11th Century. was the son of Robert the Devil, Duke of Normandy, and a tanner's daughter; lacking n, the duke had his title transferred to young William, who was widely called William the Bastard; he invaded England and became its king. Cesare Borgia was the favorite son of a 15th Century pope, Alexander VI, and an Italian noblewoman; cruel and profligate Cesare became a cardinal. Alexander Hamilton, great American

a legitimat

42

FAMOUS PEOPLE WHO WERE BORN OUT OF WEDLOCK

CESARE BORGIA

ALEXANDER HAMILTON

COSIMA WAGNER

RAMSAY MACDONALD

patriot and first Secretary of the Treasury, sprang from the love of a Scottish mer- chant for a French physician's daughter whom he never-married. Cosima Wagner was the illegitimate daughter of Composer Franz Liszt; as a young woman she mar- ried Hans von Biilow, a well-known pupil «

with Composer Richard Wagner and bore Wagner three children before they married, ‘The British statesman Ramsay MacDonald was born out of wedlock, the child of a ploughman and a farm girl; he became first Labor prime minister of England in 1924,

t, but she deserted him to live in sin

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SWIMMING GAPS

Rubber hats to wear under water are fashionable new wave-savers

The flatterin,

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» manufacturers v liams some time

proving that beautiful, pré P

woman with wet h was |

pled onion. Now, howe on the Fl which are both pi The flowered bonnet has 17 do: comes in 5, is made » multicolored polka dots are en printed on a cloche that sells for 89¢, All ie with chin straps for determined divers.

A YOUNG CONSERVATIVE WEARING A MONOCLE AND A STARCHED COLLAR SHOWS HIS FELLOW PARTY MEMBERS HOW TO HECKLE A LABOR PARTY SPEAKER

In the British elections the Conservatives had rallies, But the experts wanted to be sure everyone wheeled out their biggest gun, Winston Churchill, knew the finer points: how to phrase questions, how who made a resounding start. But the party knew to pile them one on top of another, how to call rude

that before voting day on Feb, 23 it would have to names politely. For practic its little guns into action too. Last month a a rousing Labor speech, while heckl

The British Conservatives refine — thevsand party members filed into London’s V dience (above) demonstrated how to handle him.

toria Hall to get some lessons ina vital subject:how Then, after tea, a Conservative speaker took on a

‘ a to heckle. As a group, the Conservatives are past _ team of “Labor” critics to show the Conservatives Vulgar art to help win election masters at the ar

upsetting speakers at political how to defend themselves by heckling the hecklers.

CONTINUED ON NEXT PAGE = 47

How to Heckle conrmueo

Its Name A “LABORITE” GETS TOLD OFF ° ¥ 7 4 lndwates ae

Its Character

Ix adopting the name of Abraham

Lincoln, this company assumed the Ba 2 HECKLING INSTRUCTOR David Cook shows a briefing committee the dockworker’s garb he will wear at meeting where he will pretend to bea Laborite.

responsibility of measuring up to that great name—in character, integrity and thoughtful, human service.

THE LINCOLN NATIONAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY

FORT WAYNE 1, INDIANA

IN THE MEETING Cook listens to Tory speaker and waits for opening. He is Conservative candidate for Parliament himself, will face real heckling later.

WAVING A NEWSPAPER, Cook rises suddenly to call speaker a liar. The speaker's firm answer: "Sir, you are a gentleman. That makes us both liars.”

CONTINUED ON PAGE 50

48

WILD LIFE IS PLENTIFUL—AND TAME—IN THE GREEN SPACES OF CANADA'S NATIONAL PARKS

See nour aights.. Natine, ot tor hesc...in Canada,

Step over the border into exciting new vacation country. 7 VACATION POINTERS — ALL

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49

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50

an

How to Heckle conrinueo

ON THE PLATFORM a Tory, pretending to be a Labor candidate, makes speech to give other Conservatives practice asking embarrassing questions,

FROM THE FLOOR a party worker, pretending to be a Labor housewife, asks Conservative how his party could do any better in office than Labor party.

IN THE AUDIENCE a Conservative housewife takes notes on heckling tech- nique for use in future meetings, where she will help to attack the opposition,

Smart 1950 buy — this

JUST LOOKING at the low, long, alluring new 1950 Studebaker tells you that it's a car with the right build for thrift.

You see no bulging excess bulk that would hitch a ride at your expense and squander your gasoline needlessly.

You get welcome protection against unex- pected repair bills, too. The whole structure of this Studebaker has the solid durability of rop-qual-

Studeboker Champion 4-door sedan

new Studebaker's thrift and value!

ity materials and wear-resisting craftsmanship.

Take the logical next step in getting the most for your new-car money. Try out the amazing “next ride” of this distinctive new 1950 “next look” Studebaker.

Stop in at a nearby Studebaker dealer's show- room and go out for a convincing drive in a low- price Champion—a value-packed Commander —a special extra-long-wheelbase Land Cruiser.

| New 1950 Studehaker

Styled ahead and | engineered ahead!

You ride in deep-bedded comforl—New balance of design and a brand new kind of coil spring front suspension serve tosuppress jounces and jolts. Regal de luxe Champion shown has foam rubber seat cushioning.

You're money ahead on gas because there's no fuel-wasting surplus weight in any 1950 Studebaker. Every model is trim and sleek —flight-streamed just right to assure you top gasoline and oil mileage.

You don't roll back on upgrades—thanks to Studebaker’s automatic hill holder. It’s standard on Commanders and Land Cruis- ers—costs extra on Champions. Automatic overdrive is available too, at extra cost.

You get trustworthy craftsmanship that's the pride of numerous Studebaker father and son teams. It’s one reason for the fine trade-in valuations on used Studebakers, © 1900-TbeStudebaterCorp'n South Bend 27 Iodiana.U.8.A.

DISCRIMINATING PEOPLE PREFER HERBERT TAREYTON

gSXEXXEXXOMD ar Nesta “Qi CxXxxxry mS —

MR. J. PETER HOGUET, Jr, reais young socialite and winter sports 8 HET Ey Es f

enthusiast. Discriminating in his choice of cigarettes, Mr. Hoguet says: "I smoke Cig AR Herbert Tareyton because no other cigaretie gives me so much smoking enjoyment.” =r

Discriminating people prefer Herbert Tareyton because they pay no more for this better cigarette. They appreciate the kind of smoking that only a genuine cork tip can give... the cork tip doesn’t stick to the lips, it’s clean and firm. And discriminating people prefer Herbert Tareyton because their modern size not only means a longer, cooler smoke, but that extra measure of fine tobacco makes Herbert

Tareyton today’s most unusual cigarette value.

THERE'S sOMETHING ABOUT THEM You'te LIKE

‘Cope, The American Tobusce Company

AT HEIGHT OF HER ILL

MRS. CORREA LIES IN A PLASTIC OXYGEN TENT. AFTER ONE DAY ON PENICILLIN TENT WAS REMOVED

Pneumonia

ITS. DEATH TOLL HAS DROPPED 75% IN 20 YEARS

One day early this winter a young woman lay in an oxygen tent at New York's Roosevelt Hos- pital (above), gasping for breath and burning with fever. The examining doctors had made their report. Her disease: advanced lobar pneu- monia; her chances of recovery: excellent.

The germ which infected this patient, Mrs. Florence Correa, strikes most often during wet winter months. Pneumonia may hit anyone, but seems to favor city dwellers—especially the very young and the old. Women are more sus- ceptible than men. Fatigue, chilling, respira- tory infections and alcoholism make people more vulnerable. Some pneumonia cases are caused by troublesome though seldom lethal viruses, but a majority of all reported cases are infected with the much more dangerous pneu-

mococcus germ whicl: causes lobar pneumonia.

If Mrs. Correa had fallen ill in 1930 instead of 1950 her doctor's report would have been far more pessimistic. For at that time one out of every three pneumonia cases ended in death. Doctors then had no effective weapon against the disease. But in the past 20 years three prac- tical treatments have become available: ani. mal serum, sulfa drugs and penicillin. Penici lin, the most recent, is by far the best, for unlike the other two it is as safe as it is potent.

In Mrs. Correa’s case, penicillin halted the disease in a day and cured it in a week. In other cases its effects are as dramatic. The new drug, once hard to get, is now available to every doc- tor. Pneumonia, once the third greatest cause of death in the U.S., need no longer be feared.

DEATHS PER 100,000

cr T1065

PNEUMONIA DEATHS have decreased by 75% since the late 1920s. Serum, though still unreliable, was in wide use by 1936, and during the next three years fatalities were cut almost in half. The more effi- cient sulfa drugs, first used around 1939, reduced the death rate further. Penicillin may cure 95% of cases.

CONTINUED ON NEXT PAGE 53

PNEUMONIA continues

WINDPIPE

LEFT LUNG

RIGHT LUNG

/ UPPER LOBE

= St MIDDLE LOBE

até

* VEINTE ‘ EE oxvcEnal

us

| Lower Lose

i

NORMAL LUNGS are spongy organs filled with millions of tiny air s right lung has three sections, or lobes; the left (which

CAPILLARIES

OXYGEN EXCHANGE occurs in the lungs’ microscopic air sacs. Each sac i surrounded by minute capillaries (above, left) which connect with the arte

bringing used blood from the heart and with veins carrying the oxygenated blood

back. Blood cells draw o:

gen through thin sac walls (cross section above, right).

54

DRUG vs. GERMS: Four containers are placed on culture of living pneumococci. The thresholding penicillin (top) kill germsaround them. The empty one (bottom) has no effect.

HOW PNEUMONIA RUNS ITS COURSE

A famous medical classic of the 1890s—Osler’s textbook —described pneumonia as a disease which “runs its course uninfluenced in any way by medicine” and so fatal to the

~ aged that it was “the natural end of the old man.”

Both of these statements have been made obsolete by the success of one of the most concentrated medical inves- tigations ever undertaken—the 50-year search for a safe and sure means of controlling the germ pneumococcus, which causes both the classic lobar and the less important bronchial pneumonia. The reason for this immense medi- cal effort was the seriousness of the disease itself. It affected all age groups and could quickly kill even the strongest and healthiest of men, It was especially common in temperate regions where it was at its worst during spring and winter months, Its symptoms were deeply impressed on the mind of every practicing physician: the sudden chill and high fever, the rapid pulse, the bloody cough, the chest pain and solidification of parts of the lungs. These changes came abruptly and without warning, For five or nine days the pa- tient would fight the infection. Then, if he lived, the course of the disease would suddenly be reversed. This often took the form of a crisis in which, within a few hours, his temper- ature would fall from 105° to normal; his pulse would drop and delirium would give way to sleep.

Pathologists knew enough about pneumonia to define the physical conditions of the lungs (right) which brought about these symptoms. They also understood thoroughly the mechanics of normal breathing (opposite page) which the disease disrupted. But the nature of the infection itself was a mystery. How did the germ work? What determined who got it? Exactly what happened during the crisis? These questions have not even yet been completely answered, but enough has been learned to conquer the disease.

Scientists found that there were at least 30 different types of pneumococeus, two of which were responsible for more than half of all lobar cases. Apparently these were passed by a patient or a carrier to a susceptible individual. Tt was also discovered that the blood built antibodies to fight these germs and that the crisis was caused by the con- certed action of the antibodies against them.

The discovery of antibodies led to the first pneumonia cure—animal serum. This substance contained antibodies taken from the blood of immunized animals. Properly ad- ministered, it could cure most cases of pneumonia. But it was tricky and dangerous to use. Then came the British sulfapyridine, a universally accepted drug which geally lowered the death rate. But it too had bad side effects had to be given cautiously. It was the discovery of penicillin that finally brought pneumonia under virtually complete control; for although this drug does not affect the less seri- ous forms of the disease, such as virus pneumonia, it is an al- most infallible cure for the deadly pneumococcus infection.

BLOOD VESSEL ENGORGED WITH RED BLOOD CELLS

BLOODY FLUID IN AIR SAC

bar pneumonia it

jon of lung (shown at left with section cut away). The dis- eased lobes (in this case the lower two) bloody froth. Individual air sacs fill with this fluid (rig), and capil: ies are congested with red blood cells.

FIBRIN

‘PNEUMOCOCCI

ND STAGE is solidification of jin red and thick

THIRD STAGE is characterized by the gray color of the lobes, which are now covered with fibrin. Tissue is id, filled with thick fluid. Many wh

germs are killed, patient will recover.

CONTINUED ON NEXT PAGE

55

PNEUMONIA continveo

Cyptured... MRS. CORREA’S CURE

: |

the delicious blackberry flavor of the true fruit

a a)

THROAT SPECIMEN is taken by doctor for analysis. For complete diag-

6 ae nosis doctors also took X-rays and blood sample and Ii — to chest sounds.

Blackberry Liqueur 4y Hiram Walker

You'll never believe the hard-to-catch flavor of luscious, fresh blackberries could be captured in a bottle until you taste Hiram Walker's Blackberry Liqueur. That just-picked- this-morning goodness of all Hiram Walker's fruit liqueurs adds a touch of perfection at the end of a grand dinner. Delicious as a cordial, Hiram Walker's Blackberry Liqueur also gives a rich, fruity flavor to dessert sauces.

ies sca Dewy

o

PENICILLIN INJECTION was repeated twice daily for one week. Pneu- monia was stopped by first dose, but Mrs. Correa got 4.5 million units in all.

60 proof 60 proof 60 proof 60 proof 70 proot 70 proof 80 proof Hiram Walker & Sons Inc., Peoria, IL. AFTER FIVE DAYS of treatment Mrs. Correa looks cheerful, is able to sit up and read. Three days later she was strong enough to walk around the ward.

56

sin Oighice ranted

Pillsbury caught on

when you said you wanted pancakes lighter!

It’s very likely that you have been hoping (as so many people have) to find pancakes that are really light and fluffy. Now Pillsbury gives you such pancakes. . . by improving this famous mix, step by step, until it is the one mix in America that makes pancakes with so much delicacy and lightness. . . such tenderness . . . and rich, golden color. Delicious flavor, too. Just add milk to Pillsbury ~ Pancake Mix—and see for yourself!

It’s another great mix from Pillsbury, Mix Headquarters. Wonderful for waffles, too. And for good old-time buckwheats— with new lightness—get Pillsbury Buckwheat Mix.

TIGHTER PANCAKES ARE HERE

Happy way to start the day: piping-hot coffee and piping-hot pancakes!

plus Extra-Value coupon from Pillsbury Pancake or Buckwheat Mix package

Pillsbury PANCAKE MIX

Offer expires April 30, 1950,

Millions of bottles are bought by men who like that

| ClCuMr

No one has ever been able to put into words the taste of a slice of prime roast beef or of a cantaloupe or a drink of fine whiskey . .. but we think this pie-

ture of Bill Honeybee at his morning sip of nectar comes mighty close to ex-

you'll know why millions of men insist ‘on PM day after day.

National Distillers Products Corporation, New York, N.Y. Blended Whiskey. 86 Proof. 6714% Grain Neutral Spirits.

20000 LETTERS FOR A COLT

Dayton girl wins a gray horse for finding a name for a black filly

Whenever the fiery horse nan

Walter Farley writes a novel about

xd Black Stallion, tens of the go after the book as eagerly arents went after Black Beauty. His five

novels have sold more than 475,000 cop ing his newest book, The Black Filly, Farle Black Stallion a daughter but, stumped for a name, s to suggest one. As prize for

ung reade

gives

h t 50,000 lett finally Bla peared to hav

testants listed Black Minx, a1

to pick the winner Far! write the reasons for his or her se hl of Daytoi over and over of owning su a filly. Minx sug many qualities | wanted her to have ) Sadhu had been Random testants had also d been overl rs may have to give another colt the newly found runners-up.

AUTHOR FARLEY

. Publis!

her lent staff of four to catalog names.

CONTINUED ON NEXT PAGE = SP

| WEAR FALSE TEETH

YET MY MOUTH FEELS FRESH, CLEAN AND COOL

No "DENTURE BREATH" for me*

“POLIDENT is wonderful. It leaves my plate feeling cool, and clean, and fresh-tasting. And | know I'm safe from Denture Breath.”’

Mrs. 0. C., Clear Lake, lowa

fe

YOU know whatMrs.0.C. means, don'tyou!

It’sa wonderful feeling to know that you're

not offending friends with Denture Breath. And it’s great when your plates feel clean and cool and fresh—from their Polident bath.

Soak your plates in Polident every day. It’s so easy and quick. And Polident soaks into every corner and crevice—places brush ing never seems to reach.

Remember—those dental plates of yours need the special care of a special denture cleanser. Don’t brush them. Soak them in Polident (for only about a cent a day) to keep them sparkling with the original natu- ral look—and free from Denture Breath! So get a can of Polident tomorrow, sure.

POLIDENT

RECOMMENDED BY MORE DENTISTS THAN ANY OTHER DENTURE CLEANSER

NO BRUSHING Soak plote or bridge daily—Afteen

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S,) anything now! POLI-GRIP

Sorry, I can only eat soft foods.

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60

Letters for a Colt conrimueo

WHAT 12 RUNNERS-UP WROTE:

& 9

LAURA BRADSHAW, 13 CAROL HANSEN, 16

“Tselected Black Minx because a filly “The name exemplifies that which is is always getting into trouble, like, for playful and gentle, yet full of fire and instance, being bit by a rattlesnake.” speed. It suggests an elf or nymph.”

WAYNE BROSSEAU, 5 ELLEN JEAN SILVERTHORNE, 10

"Tamonly five years and cannot write. “Her name has to be unique so that it Tam glad that the horse will be called stands out as this purebred filly does, Minx. I asked Santa for some boots.” Tome Black Minx is a perfect name.”

LEONORA PRICE, 12

"She reminds me of afilly that Iknew “think that thisisagoodname forthe who galloped around and around the black filly because she should be frisky house one day, kicking up her heels.” and bold and getting into mischief.”

JUDITH KAY PATTON, 9

MARILYN ARON, 13 MIRAMAE MURPHY, 13

"Tt was the only name I could think “I like the name Black Minx because of that would fit a young and spirited sometimes my mother calls me that. black filly in thespringtimeofherlife.” Besides, it’s easy fora horse to learn.”

RAYMOND KARINEK, 13 FRANCES FOGAN, 10

“At first I thought of Black Majesty ‘The Arabian horse always keeps his and Black Midnight. Then I picked head up and never gives up. That is MinxafterI founditmeantapertgirl.” why I picked Minx. Iam horse crazy!”

a be’ af u JANE PARKER, 11 “T always think of a foal as being full “T looked up the word in the diction

of curiosity, and any animal that is ary and found it means a saucy young curious is likely to get into mischief.” girl. I knew it would be a good name.””

BETTY JO MUIR, 15

CROSLEY the Electric Kange with & Beauty and == Brains

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Women everywhere tell us they never dreamed cooking could be so much fun —so quick and easy! From hort-order” snacks ready in a jiffy to a full-course banquet done with cool, quick ease and joy to cook ic Crosley tric Range.

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A hefurred Cadillac is the hit of the GM show

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war National Automobile Show in New York's Waldorf-Astoria. To

GM, and also to the rest of the auto world, the important thing about

the show was that in nine days 320,000 people jammed it—a crowd even . \ bigger than last year’s and a happy omen for 1950's business. To those

attending, however, the important things were ingenious cut-away \

motors opening up like books and the 38 cars that were displayed. The

biggest eye popper of all was a tawny yellow Cadillac called “Debu-

tante” (opposite), upholstered in silver satin and Somaliland leopard (the robe cord was leopard tail), with gold-plated hardware. It cost $35,- 600 and, although it was not for sale, most visitors took five minutes to circle the well-guarded showpiece and get their fill of fingering its fur.

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WOMEN COULD NOT RESIST touching the leopard skin (top pictures) which an attendant regularly smoothed with a brush (bottom). Quipped Co- median Peter Lind Hayes at his first glimpse: “A beautiful car! Who shot it?”

{move WEARS COAT SUPPLIED BY FURRIER WHO UPHOLSTERED CAR Mt heots... 0s it sweeps...08 if cleans

CONTINUED ON NEXT PAGE

63

GM ShoW continue

The Whiskey at a Price! ,

who prefer a light

pend

Park & Tilford RESERVE as the

hodied whiskey, we r

superlative examph

incomparable value

the attributes that have lon

made it an American fa

\ ee” | PARK @TILFOR! (RESERV

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64

iii,

swe know y Should smoke

Oa

nyt ie ie:

The picture proves it! ; Tests show 140% Greater Range of Picture Tones:

bf

ORDINARY TELEVISION

NOW ENJOY THE FINEST PICTURE

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ss

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@ Leader in giving the world television bright enough to be viewed at its best-in a lighted room, as prominent eye specialists recommend, General Electric now combines this revolution- ary feature with an amazing new advancement that provides the widest range of black to white picture shadings ever achieved in televi- sion. Hence the name GENERAL ELECTRIC BLACK-DAYLIGHT TELEVISION. Contrasted with the ordinary television you have seen, the difference is startling. Tests show thatthe blacks are 58% darker, the whites are so much brighter you enjoy up to 140% greater range of pic-

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rata

SERVED TO

“Hap” Arnold*

AND HIS CHARMING WIFE

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Your Taste will tellyou why/

HENRY Hh. ARNOLD,

YOU HEAR IT EVERYWHERE...

». Blue Ribbon

Your Taste will tell you why / eb

33 FINE BREWS BLENDED INTO ONE GREAT BEER * Copr. 1949, Pabst Brewing Co., Milwaukee, Wisconsin

THE RED WINGS

Detroit dominates the 1950 hockey season

ful young men. This y ful team of all belongs to De two thirds over, the Red Wings—shown here as P ters (10) fights for the puck after a fac

of their National based less on a sy nter Sid Abel is the slipp ick checker in the business: Wi

h the seaso

iest shi men Ted Lindsay and Gori shoot accurately from

0). Asif this were ugh, Len Kelly is the League’s top-scoring man, and “Black Jack” rt (p. 74) is so tough that fans have nicknam the flattener.””

an

Nourish him all-the-way with

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Gro-Pup costs less — you save up to 40% over most canned dog foods. And Gro-Pup Ribbon is quick! No mixing, no can-openers. Start your dog on Gro-Pup today! .

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for W286 Beier 26, ts

GLossY CoAT

Sine 7

A SCIENTIFIC Nillegy PRooucr

70

Detroit Hockey conrimweo

FORWARD LINE that makes the Red Wings great consists of (left to right) Wingmen TedLindsay,24,Gordon Howe, 21,andtheveteran CenterSid Abel, 31.

LINE IN ACTION finds Howe (9) passing puck toward Abel (12) and Lind- say (7) in front of the Chicago net. McCaig (6), however, intercepts the shot.

CONTINUED ON PAGE 73

SCORES WITH ALL THE FAMILY!

BEA “F UP” FAMILY!

Young Bill may be the best bowler, but it’s pretty evident

there’s another top scorer with the whole family. It’s 7-Up—

the all-family drink. Sparkling 7-Up lends its own good cheer

to every family activity. And because clean-tasting 7-Up is so pure . . . so good . . . so wholesome . . . all ages, including little tots, can

“fresh up” with as much 7-Up as they want and as often as they want. See for yourself how quickly 7-Up “Steadies” are made. Stock your re- frigerator with tempting, crystal-clear 7-Up and watch your family

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BUY A CASE TODAY!

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CONTINUED ON NEXT PAGE

73

Detroit Hockey conrimueo

RED WING IS ROUGHED in scramble for the puck, Toronto's Juzda (18) smashes Detroit's Abel into board: ‘oronto’s Barilko (right) kicks puck free.

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MOVIES

AS THE JEALOUS WIFE IN “ADAM'S RIB" JUDY HOLLIDAY CAREFULLY GIVES HERSELF A THOROUGH BRIEFING BEFORE PUTTING A BULLET IN HER ERRING SPOUSE

DUMB BLONDE IN HOLLYWOOD

Trying a little hushand killing gets Judy Holliday top movie billing

off her I zraces by asking a senatos m’s Rib, Her flat, s and her pragmatic out- "You want to wash yc ok on life (“How did you feel after you s r hu

honey?” She marked the beginning of her edu- band?” sheit . “Hungry.” she replies) help freshen cation by reporting that peninsula was thename of “that the mannered E high jinks of the pictu: new medicine.” She was Billie Dawn, heroine of Born Spencer Tracy and Katharine Hepburn. She de Yesterday, and, as played by Judy Holliday for three and __in her first movie, in fact, that Columbia Picture a half years on Broadway, she was a classic weary heart-searchings and negotiations, has done the the great American gallery of dumb blondes. sensible thing and offered her the most fought-over r ? on to Hollywood last year and took on a par I. in Hollywood (bought originally for Rita Hayworth): RESULTS of the ballistics study abov minded, tactless, husbar plonde in M-G-M’s the dumb blonde in the movie version of Born Yesterday. an unconscious hi J, a hysterical wi

CONTINUED ON NEXT PAGE 77

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Judy Holliday conrmueo

JUDY'S BIG COURTROOM SCENE

MRS, ATTINGER TELLS THE JURY SHE IS A DEEPLY WRONGED WOMAN

Judy's big scene in Adam's Rib comes when, as Doris Attinger, @ housewife, she goes on trial for shooting her husband. Well coached by Lawyer Amanda Bonner (Katharine Hepburn), she bamboosles the jury with a story of wide-eyed innocence:

says to him, listen War

ren I'says you can't have it both ways you know so make up your mind and don’t you try and make some kind of part-timer out of me, So he says bite your tongue, Fatso. So [says will you be home for sup- per so he says I'll write you a letter. So I threw it.

Amana Threw what?

Mas. Artincer The pot. So he left, mad.

AMANDA And that was the last you saw him?

Mas. Arrixcer Until later, when I followed

im up and caught him muzalin’ that tall

job.

Amaxpa Now when you entered Apartment 2D. What did you see?

Mrs, Arrincer Them clutching.

AMANDA How close together were they standing?

Mas. Armixcer Not close. Together.

Amanpa Where were her hands?

Mars. Arrincen On h

Amanpa On his ears

Mrs. Arrincer One on each ear,

AMANDA Where were his hands?

Mas. Artixcen Who knows?

Amana You didn’t see them?

Mrs, Arrincer Around her someplace.

AMANDA And were you surprised?

Mrs. Arrincer No. I figured.

Amana But it enraged you?

Apvam (The Assistant District Attorney, Amanda’s husband) Objection, Leading.

Tue Junce. "Stained.

Awanps What happened when you saw them thus embraced?

Mrs. Armixcer It enraged me.

Awanpa Then what?

Mrs. Arrincer I pressed the gun.

Amanpa And—

Mrs, Arrincer Bang!

Amanpa Did you take careful aim?

Mrs. ArtincER I was too nervous.

Amanpa Did you, at that moment, desire to kill Beryl Caighn?

Mas, Arnixcer No.

Amanpa To wound her?

Mas. Arrincer No.

‘Awana To frighten her?

Mas. Arnincer Yes.

Amaxpa To kill your husband, Warren Attinger?

Mars. Attincer No.

‘Amaxpa To wound him?

Mrs. Attincer No.

‘Amanpa To frighten him?

Mas. Arnincer No.

Awanpa No?

Mas. Arrincer No. He’s got a weak stom- ach. Who can afford it?

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Judy Holliday conrmuco

JUDY IN HOLLYWOOD sulks through reconciliation scene with husband and his girl friend at end of trial in Adam’s Rib. She was acquitted after her lawyer argued that she has right to shoot her husband to defend their home.

JUDY ON BROADWAY played over 1,300 performances as Billie Dawn, a junk-dealer’s kept woman. A journalist (Gary Merrill), hired to educate her, found much native shrewdness and decency under a remarkably blank exterior,

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IN THE PALACE ENTRY HALL WHERE JOGJAKARTA'S SULTAN PARKS HIS PREWAR ENGLISH CAR, A JAVANESE SENTRY POISES AN ANCIENT SPEAR BESIDE EUROPEAN CLOCK

The New Indonesia

A “GIRDLE OF EMERALD” CHANGES OWNERS BUT KEEPS ITS CHARM

PHOTOGRAPHED FOR LIFE BY HENRI CARTIER-BRESSON

rald flung across the eq ain of islands binding 80 million It was Holland’s pride, the world

“a girdle of to be a lo

traveler’s delight, the Ori dream of expanding empire. child of Mother Holland. But the child at unruly and rejected discipline. Then West mother to help it grow up, to live peaceably by itself weeks ago the mother spoke. Said Queen Julian:

“The assumption of sovereignty by the young State, the Republic of the United States of Indonesia, its relin- quishment by the Kingdom of the Neth- erlands and the conclusion of the Union is one of the most deeply moving events of our times, piercing as it were to the very roots of our existence. . . . Both coun- tries fecl sufficiently strong and resilient sh, East and West working

neoura And one da

Whether that end would be happy or chaotic the world could hardly guess. But it knew that Holland had given up an in- credibly rich empire—a string of 3,100 beautiful and abundant islands strad- dling the equator just south of the main- land of Asia. Within its lush and steamy boundaries (map, pp. 84, 85) live the chil- dren of 137 cultures. They speak 17 major languages complicated by 200 dialects, make obeisance to sultans, carry bundles on their heads, entertain themselves with

“4% PRESIDENT SOEKARNO AND FAMILY ENJOY THEIR GARDEN AT HOME IN JOGJAKARTA

DUTCH DEPARTURE from the palace at Batavi Jakarta) ends with the removal of an old governor's portrait.

ith charm- world.

exotic pastimes like “trance dane ing innocence display t

The relationship betwe before Britain's dominatic of Dutch rule, cities grew over jung were installed in the tropical scene, trade flo 1 from 12 to 80 million, But the relation sired: only 10% of the Indonesians were literate; except as political me- nials or shiny puppets of the Dutch, they had no role in their government.

‘The beginning of the breakaway came in 1942 when the Dutch army col- lapsed a week after the Battle of the Java Sea. Grasping at the promise of “Greater East Asia,” the young firebrands of in- dependence joined hands with the invad- ing Japanese. As puppets they saw their people suffer, but they found a supply of arms. When the Pacific war ended in Au- gust 1945, they proclaimed the Republic of Indonesia. Neither Dutch pleas nor Dutch police could change the course of history. While the world applauded, the Dutch withdrew the symbols of their rule (left) and listened stoically as the dynam- ic first president, Raden Sockarno (oppo- site page), exhorted the brown-skinned citizens of his new United States of Indo- nesia: “Rise, my people! Rise to welcome the rising sun. . ..”

The people the president was speak- ing to and their newly formed nation are shown in the pictures on these 14 pages.

(p. 91) and, on Bali, e most admired female torsos in t Holland and Indonesia had begun 100 years of India, Durin; European devices like streetcars hed, the Indon left mu

han three centuries

more

ere:

(renamed

CONTINUED ON NEXT PAGE 83.

FORMOSA

Canton. 2

Hong Kong LUZON

Manila,

MINDANAO

NORTH /BORNEO

EAST. BORNEO

Sor ee f

2aNe

ae 7 S

WEST BORNEO.” “CREAT. DAYAK Bandiermasin 9 Y

@Pontianak pier,

“Kuala Lumpur

Nove:

" Rembong

THE UNITED STATES OF INDONESIA is formed by i thi h middle of Sumatra and Borneo and northern part ath the long solid line on map above. It stretches as far frc of Ce al subdivisions are the Republic (three blue-shaded .$.-Canadian border. The equator runs from bottom left to te mers of areas on rated States (outlined by broken lines)

ies,

Na

—— ater a > |

nd) anchored to river bottom. A HUT ON STILTS, thickly thatched elds of Dutch-and Brit- ical rain, isa Bali farmer's home. It is draped with gay Standard-Vacuum, _ tapestry to please Hindu gods during

AFLOATING TOWN lies along the Musi River at Palembang, capital of South Sumatra. Its dwel move along their watery street in boats, to homes

feast period.

84

Ocean KEY:

© on ® Rice @ coa @ RuBBER © corree @ tea © sucark @ TiN © Quinine

EAST JAVA

Q- {eydenfrost—

which the Dutch fostered in 1948. The northern areas of Sarawak, Brunei and HORNED HOUSES spire above a street market in Koto Ge North Borneo are British. New Guinea (upper right) remains in the Netherlands town. Natives tell that a 16th Century prince, facing war with a hands but its incorporation into the nation is a major Indonesia sed a bullfight in:

£"~>%

tead, His bull won and thereafter roofs wer

I for 1950, proj

<= na) § - A MOSLEM MOSQUE, its zinc domes weathering BUDDHIST MONUMENT, built by Eighth (

at Borobudur The Buddha at left is one of many who sit in mas- ne Sha i gaze forever across a field central Java. _of stupas toward Merapi peak, a dormant voleano.

against Sumatra’s humid sky, p element in Indonesia's archite

d

CONTINUED ON NEXT PAGE 85

SHOPPING ON BALI is « twice-weekly task. The farm wife in the foreground brought bananas, mangoes and eggs to market, will buy cloth before returning.

OIL WORKER bends to connect a new pipe to the drilling rig at a Palembang field. This big Standard-Vacuum field was brought into production 28 years ago.

86

NTINUED

ht

FACTORY GIRL, only 16 but married, helps put gay patter batik by waxing out unpatterned areas of cotton cloth before dy

PEOPLE WORK SLOWLY In THEIR ANCIENT WAYS

In the languorous heat of the islands the pace of labor is necessarily slo The primitive hand methods of othe: where except in tin mines and in the oil fields (below) where a few thousand Indonesians have learned to grapple with the tools of the mechanized wor for which they produce oil. The easy rhythm of life gives the na erman time to decorate his prau with bright designs (opposite page), and the artisans of Java a chance to bring intricate works of art from blocks of wood (below). Much of the hardest work falls to Indonesia’s peasant women. On Java, women work the fields as a religious duty. To cultivate land, a Javanese wife works 674 hours, her husband

their water buffalo 59.

During the colonial period the people’s earnest labor and the bounty of the soil and sea gave Indonesia enough food for everybody. But war and rebellion destroyed many fertile padd rnment of the new nation now faces the heavy task of reg iency in food. It is turning its efforts away from overcrowded Java (850 persons per square mile) toward the jungled acres of uncrowded Sumatra (70 per square mile).

WOOD CARVERS at a school for native apprentices in Japara, famous center of the Javanese carving industry, work on a wooden screen and grotesque figures.

JAVANESE FISHERMEN in a viv

in from the Java Sea to Rembang (p

LAND OF PARASOLS AND MANGOES aS ~~ —_ | i we he So ee " i —s

A FRUIT MARKET sirups, colored wi

A FOOTPATH TO REMBANG the rhythmic f tive commerce from the « a ge bi which produce

as peasants bring their produce to market and women shoppers move homeward the fluffy kapol w hie ses and life preservers is made

painted on these praus have no meanin satisfy the Javanese taste for colorful

CONTINUED ON NEXT PAGE

INDONESIA consnueo

DANCERS OF BALI use the angular grace of a t dance (above) to enact a tale from the Ramayana, an Odysseylike epic with a Hindu hero named Rama. Most of Indonesia's dances and otherart forms have Hindu roots.

“MAKING PROSPERITY” is the hopeful theme of this Java-

Idered girls move with eps and lowered eyes.

AN. EVIL KING is portrayed by a golden-winged male dancer (right), who is one of the Susu- hunan’s family. Taken from the Hindu epic Mahabharata, this dance reaches a climax wh other dancer, Virtue, kill

TRANCE DANCE depicts struggle with witch’s dagger. Hyp- notized, the Balinese girl whirls in frenzy and her black hair fies.

THE ISLANDS’ DANCES ARE GROTESQUE AND GRACEFUL

‘The dances of Indonesia tell the islands’ folk tales, which are as ancient and timeless as the soil. On Java and Bali two different da grown up through the centuries, The Javanese (right) is courtly, formal- ized and graceful; the Balinese is vigorous and often grotesque. In both Javanese and Balinese dances the costumes are rich with goldwork and the music a soft blending of gongs and tinkling bells. The Balinese dance tale often depicts the visitations of evil spirits and their violent exorcism. In the most spectacular of these (above and below) the dancers begin by going into self-induced hysterical trances. Once hypnotized, they believe their krisses are turned against them by the evil magic of Rangda, the in- credibly ugly, pendulous-breasted Queen of Witches. Magic saves them, and while still hypnotized two men bite off live chickens’ heads for priestly sacrifices. Then all slowly recover and return to the reality of their island.

MASS SUICIDE seems imminent as these trance dancers p estotheir _ CAPANG-CAPANG is thename for slow, swaying walk of this barefooted Sura- breasts. But wounds are minor. Friends suck away blood, put red flowers in cuts.” arta princess, whose Serimpi dance is the highest form of Indonesia's superb art.

CONTINUED ON NEXT PAGE 91

1 | INDONESIA vn

:

; i =

;

Ap See ye BAAR

TEMPLE BUILDERS, o . 3 v PUBLIC BATHING brin

ricated sections of Hindu te 1 7 : f toa canal beside a busy Jak

92

CONTINUED ON NEXT PAGE

INDONESIA connuco

ON THE ROAD TO JOGJAKARTA A RAGGED LINE OF YOUNG JAVANESE GUERRILLAS MARCHES JAUNTILY TOWARD TOWN TO CELEBRATE THE NEW INDEPENDENCE OF THE NATION

VOUNG MEN ARE BOTH THE PERIL AND THE HOPE

A generation of Indonesian patriots fought for merdeka (freedom). Now that they have won it, they are discovering that the bright days of fulfillment can be clouded by the aftermath of struggle and new prob- lems of peace. In western Java trigger-happy young men with guns still stalk the countryside, Some were natives who, having fought as merce- naries for the Dutch, now roam unemployed, hated by their countrymen. Some are guerrillas who fought the Dutch, then turned against President Soekarno. They include Moslem fanatics of Darul Islam (“World of Is- lam"), who want to make Indonesia an Islamic utopia where by Allah’s grace all things are perfect. Several thousand of these dangerous men are led by a former Dutch officer who has an egocentric plan to purge “Japa- nese influence” from Indonesia by warring on the Soekarno government.

The wiser, more moderate young patriots who are Indonesia's new leaders (below) must find ways to bring dissidents as well as peaceful men and displaced princes (opposite page) into the new national culture fostered by the government. It is a government more deeply influenced

{

DEFENSE MINISTER is the Sul- tan of Jogjakarta, 37, known as demo- rat despite his wealth. He command- ed the antiDutch Republican army.

PRIME MINISTER is Mohammed Hatta, 47, a Dutch-educated Suma- tran. He negotiated independence and now doubles as the foreign minister.

"94

by the American constitutional system than by Indonesia’s own diverse cultures. Though predominantly Moslem, the founding fathers did not mention Mohammed in their new draft constitution. Rather the pream- ble ordained a charter based broadly on “divine omnipotence, humanity, national consciousness, democracy and social justice” and a federal state “governed by justice.” Its “bill of rights” prohibits slavery, torture and illegal arrest; it guarantees freedom of speech, religion and assembly, and the sanctity of every home. Like an American, an Indonesian charged with crime will be presumed innocent until proved guilty in open trial.

Even the effort to build a new state on these tolerant concepts is spec- tacular in the Asia of 1950, when helpless masses are being marched dog- gedly toward the police state. These concepts must be carried out, and non-Communist friends must find ways to help solve the hard economic problems that lie ahead if Indonesia itself is to continue living outside Moscow’s orbit. Then the “girdle of emerald” may become a chain of great strength binding East and West together for their common good.

a i INTERIOR MINISTER is Anak ELDER STATESMAN st 40 is Su- Agung, 30, Balinese raja and former _tan Sjahrir, whom Dutch exiled. He East Indonesian premier. He champi- _attended U.N. after the war, holds no oned federalism in new government. _office but has wide political influence.

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TEN YEARS AGO this man was a thriving merchant in a small town in Eastern Europe. Since then he has starved...shivered... been shot at...slept in cellars...lost his family...and has died a thousand deaths.

That he is alive at all is a miracle.

That he is alive in his new country, a free man, in a land they said could never be, is a miracle of miracles!

Today he sells toys in the streets of a little town of Israel, alone, but clutching that most precious of all possessions... Freedom.

If you have ever given any money to the

iracle

SELLER 4

United Jewish Appeal you helped save this man. You helped perform this miracle.

And miraculous as it was, the larger fight goes on. There is still much to do. Far to go.

Hundreds of thousands of Jews, many of them living in constant fear, need help if they are to reach sanctuary in Israel.

Israel needs help in preparing for these new citizens—more farms, more homes, and more industries are needed at once.

Israel needs help in building a firm, strong future. New cities must rise. New land must be reclaimed from the desert.

Only through your gifts, your generosity,

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So GIVE! Give generously! Give all you can—and help finish the job.

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on behalf of the Joint Distribution Committee, United

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HENRY MORGENTHAU, JR., General Chairman 165 West 46th Street, New York 19

DOWN THE ROPE TO GET DINNER GOES MOTHER MOUSE

A GOOD PROVIDER

Mother mouse steals oil with her tail

The tenant of a small backyard tool shed in London ne of the most resourceful mothers in the world. he is a small gray mouse who is raising a family of two baby mice on a trash-litteredshelf there. The own- ed, Percy Parslow, one day left a bottle of

1 oil uncovered on a table and stood amaz at what happened. He called in George Greenwell, a staff photographer of the London Daily Mirror, who of the shed to get the remark-

The mother me

-y now and then to cock her ears at the g

of the camera. But she did not become frightened and

Greenwell clicked away she carried out probably the most delicate oil-stealing maneuvers in histe

MOTHER MOUSE STRI

ANIMALS

ce Ca :

ETCHES OUT HER TAIL SO THAT HER CHI

LDREN CAN LICK OFF THE DELICIOUS OIL

99

HEAVEN AT HIS FINGERTIPS! Small boys are DAD'S A BOY AGAIN as he serves himself with JUST LIKE HER MOTHER, this girl makes her

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PHOTOGRAPHY'S OWN MUSEU = ”

George Eastman’s home hecomes a center of camera lore ant’ history

cure berth in the na ums, the U.S. until

ELEPHANT SHOT BY EASTMAN DOMINATES MAIN HALL

HOW CAMERA WORKS IS SHOWN TO GIRL SCOUTS, WHO SEE UPSIDE DOWN ON HUGE GROUND GLASS IMAGE OF GIRL WHO STANDS OUT IN FRONT OF CAMERA LENS

ie

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CONTINUED ON NEXT PAGE 101

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102

Photography Museum conrimueo

CENTURY-OLD PHOTOGRAPH taken in 18

picts photographic stu

dio of Fox Talbot (probably man in center) . Picture, which was intended as dem:

FIRST KODAK shots. After finishing

ODD GADGETS ii (left) and in necktie.

t

id with a 100-¢

museum include secret came n 1860 French miniature outfit (second from right)

portraiture, outdoor print- ing, photographing statue, What man kneeling at right is doing is not known.

RELICS AND A REVOLUTIONARY

Just as there were autos and automo- bilists before Ford, so there were cameras and photographers before Eastman. The Frenchman Louis Daguerre and the Eng-

lishman Fox Talbot (above) were tak- ing successful photographs in the early 1830s. But as late as 1880 taking pictures Was still a troublesome process involving cumbersome wet plates that had to be de- veloped on the spot immediately after exposure, For most amateurs the whole business was far too complicated, and the perfecting of dry plates around 1880 made it only a little easier. George East- man revolutionized this. In 1885, when he was 31 and had been taking pictures only eight years, he began man- ufacturing a sensitive paper film in a roll holder. This led three years later to Eastman’s—and photography’s—greatest single innovation, the Kodak (left), which used the paper roll. In 1889 Eastman produced transparent film much like that used today. Now the taking of pic- tures was so simple that anyone at all could merely “press the button”. and produce a photograph. The age of the snapshot had been born.

EASTMAN in 187! beard, shaved it of

wore a 1900.

housed chemicals and dozen glass plates in box 6 inches long. Early flash gun of 1890s (right), firing magnesium wire, was daddy of modern flash mechanisms.

CONTINUED ON NEXT PAGE

‘ft \ Vdddagi diddy

oz

We'd about decided to sell our piano. Nobody played it anymore, and it was just a dust-catcher. Then our son Jimmy ‘came home all afire about having played a Solovox at a friend’s home.

“Mom, you should've heard me. I was terrific. You know I've hardly played since I stopped my piano lessons. Well, this Solovox....well, ya gotta hear it!”

Herb and I went with Jimmy to the

“We almost sold our piano

music store. He was quite a sensation, and it looked so easy. He played the piano and the Solovox together and sounded like he was playing instru- mental solos to his own accompaniment. He dressed up lots of pieces we thought he'd forgotten, using violin, clarinet, trumpet solos, and all kinds of other effects.

Jimmy sounded almost like a profes sional.To thinkwenearlysold our piano—

—but now we enjoy it more than ever!”

We bought Jimmy a Solovox for his birthday. He loves it; plays every day. Usually the Solovox and piano together, sometimes the piano alone. And Herb’s even gone back to picking out tunes he used to know long ago.

Our Solovox not only gives Jimmy more confidence to play, it’s renewed his interest in the piano. We're glad we

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Photography Museum cowrmueo

SOME EARLY FRENCH CAMERA GAGS

The love of gags, which has become a special hallmark of photogra- phers, afflicted even the early ones, especially in France. These are ad- vertisements of French cameramen of 1860s and 1870s in the Eastman collection. By photo montage, Simon (top) guillotined himself. A horse photographer (center) had horses jumping over his head. An unknown portraitist (bottom) got a bizarre effect by doubling his bearded subject.

CONTINUED ON PAGE 105

His blind date

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Photography Museum conrinveo

SELF-PORTRAIT made in 1868 by Louis Ducos du Hauron, a French pho- tographer, is one of the first distorted pictures ever taken, Effect was achieved by using a special camera with slotted diaphragm. A tireless experimenter, Du Hauron in 1869 wrote a book predicting modern color-separation practice.

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DUFFY'S LATIN TAVERN

Ed Gardner moves his show to tax-free Puerto Rico

To bolster its economy, boost employment and eventually get itself off the s back, Puerto Rico is luring new industries with offers of in- mptions. Its more bizarre and the least likely to be fully assimilated, is the little bit of Third Avenue known as Duffy a radio show (NBC, 9:30 p.m. Thursdays). Although proudly advertised one of the eyesores of the East Side (““at 23rd St., right in the heart of Square”), neither Duffy's nor Ed (“Archie th . in Manhattan for 5 years, But since Duffy's had alre planting to Hollywood in 1944 without losing its Third Avenue accent, Gard- ner jumped at the chance to move on to Puert¢ y's itself ardner will soon qualify for b when he illiterates are ‘ood as Duly.

U.S. taxpaye

come tax ¢ industry,”

y survived one trans-

is not tax-exempt, but goes into the movie-making business. Meanwhile he living a tropical life of Riley, except that Riley ne

ands

's staff rehearses amid such soothing urf. From left: Officer Clancy Chase Taylor), Miss Duffy (Pau

FAR FROM THIRD AVENUE, D) as the rustl

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Duffy's conrimveo

AT STORY CONFERENCE ( Bogert, Phil Sharp grope for a joke that will s

arry Rhine, Al Johansen, Vinnic ind fresh from Third Avenue.

AT BROADCAST STUDIO in San Ju and Col

land. Here their guests, all from Hollywood, are (from lefi) Actresses Alexis Smith (in cap), Janis Carter, Actor Craig Stevens and Ed Crowley (in back).

CONTINUED ON NEXT PAGE

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Duffy's continues

EVEN IN PARADISE, ED GARDNER HAS (PERISH FORBID) HIS ULCER.

Since insular existence is bound to be insulated, the motley crew of Duffy’s Tavern has found life in Puerto Rico to be not entirely a bed of bougainvillaea. Ed Gardner's writers, for example, complain (be- hind the boss's back) that they no longer get to listen to their compe- tition, from Benny and Hope to McGee and Molly. Some people might count it a blessing to live on an island out of earshot of radio comedi- ans, but gag writers depend on monitoring, or scouting, each other's

s for intellectual stimulus and in some cases, itis said, for jokes. ”* says one of The Boys, “we have a tough time getting top- ical gags down here. How do you build a joke around Mule Train if you ain’t even heard thesong?”” The obvious solution—toswitch from topi- | jokes to tropical ones—is out, because Duffy's must always pre- serve the illusion that it never left Third Avenue. To help The Boys + the El, Gardner lets them take the New York Time: is no great help. Eventually he may have to fly them home in rotation to put an occasional ear to the asphalt.

But according to such authorities as Abe Burrows, a radio-TV hu- morist who got his start writin who says reverently, “Ed taught me about be ardner no more harm to go to Puerto Rico than it did Gauguin to go to This is con- firmed by the Hooper people whose the tape-recorded Duffy's a 9.9 rating against 8.7 for the n before the move

Although Duffy's is a self-styled low and crummy-type joint, its hu- mor is really on a pretty intelligent level, and to keep it there Gardner, who spends $: , often labors all through the trop- ical night editing and polishing his scripts. His colleague Colonel Stoop-

keep abreast of life und

nagle, who is quite a writer of whimsical comedy himself, says, “I've seen him wrestle a four-word sentence for four hours to make it per-

” Out of Gardner's sufferings come such touches as his recent pro- posal that if Guest Star Cornel Wilde would only rent the back room

n servi our round trips would presume to ask Met- other tavern guest, to sing a

lis

at Duffy’s, Gardner would throw on the roller towel.”” Nobe ropolitan Opera Star Helen Traubel thing about The Rajah of Blue-Koo is Coo-koo . . . Cookoorajah! When Gardner went to Puerto Rico he took along (or sent under separate cover) his family, two dogs, 10 employes, two Cadillacs, a Chris-Craft and a stomach ulcer that has been hii or less constant companion for 10 years, or roughly since he changed his name from Ed Poggenburg and became a radio producer. All these are still around except for a replacement for the adenoidal Miss Duffy; 12 girls have failed to satisfy him in the role since Shirley Booth, his first wife, left it seven years ago. The ulcer acts up whenever Gardner gets upset or unhappy, which he does as easily as Fred Allen and which he did re- cently when one columnist called him a tax-dodger and another sug- gested that the FBI was about to, or at least should, investigate him. "People think nothin, if a textile company mov Ed rasps, sipping his milk. “But let an actor try to act like a business man and they holler crook is most unhappy because his er nore the fact th ved a nickel in taxes; he qualifies for exemption on his i )00 a week after expenses) when he invests production unit and starts making low- © ms. Meanwhile he 1 by the thought that if you have to be unhappy, Puerto Ri f the world’s happiest places to be unhappy in. It can also be peaceful. Between crises the other day, his wife Simone noted in a letter to a friend that “things are the moment that I can almost hear Gardner's blood ves

und

WELCOME SIGN at San Juan airport is part of cam- paign to attract industries to “an island on the move.”

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TEMPEST

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TIBER

Magnani, the woman Rossellini left for Ingrid, is the disheveled, defiant darling of Italian films

by JouN KosLer

RY now and then along the Via Veneto—Rome’s Fifth

E Avenue—the cafe idlers are stirred out of their evening tor- een Fiat station wagon,

in Italy. With a is black as murder,

ofa

gni her is Micia, the most feared pet in Ror

with Baskervillian fangs and a fixed expression of He snarls at anybody who ventures near his mistr as sev- eral times bitten Magnani fans clean through the hand. But, even though Magnani has been sued countless times, she will neither muz- zle the animal nor leave him at home.

In the way that people sometimes resemble their dogs, Anna Mag- nani, or “our Nannarella”’ he is called throughout Italy, resem- bles Micia. And of thi he is defiantly proud. Her rank-growing

hair, unconfined by hat or hairpin, is th me jolting shade of black. She habitually dresses in black. Her big, strong teeth seem always about to bite. Emotionally she is never far from eruption. As she hurtles through traffic, she uproariously curses Micia, jaywalkers and the frustrations of life in general.

To Americans unfamiliar with Italian films, Anna Magnani may be known chiefly as the woman with whom Director Roberto Ros- sellini was in love before he discovered Ingrid Bergman. But a poll along Via Veneto, which is frequented by film talent from every nation, would yield the consensus that Magnani is not only Italy's but the world’s greatest film star. This may be an overstatement of the case. However, in the four y ed from com- parative obscurity she has won the U.S. National Board of Review award for the best foreign actress (Open City, which Re ini di- rected), the Venice Film Festival award for the best performance by an actress in any category (The Honorable Angelina) and the Silver Ribbon—the Italian Oscar—for the same two films plus an- other Rossellini production, Love. Anna Magnani has become of the most impressive actresses since Garbo.

Magnani, whose sense of profit is also impressive, demands and gets the largest sums paid an actress in Europe. Since Italian per- sonal-tax laws have many well-known loopholes, her net income cannot be matched even in Hollywood.

Magnani has attained fame and fortune—a long, tough haul from the rough-and-tumble neighborhood of her youth—with almost none of the equipment prized by conventional stars. Her for- mal education ended at the age of 14. The racy aromas of the Roman alleys still cling to her speech and m only dramatic school training she ever got lasted less than two years. In front of the cam- era she relies mostly on instinct. Altho transmit by sheer dynamism the illusion of beauty and scorchi sensualism, she lacks the sort of face and figure that ordinarily tracts men. She is 41 years old. Both in the studio and away from it she disdains to interfere with nature. She allows no hairdresser to tame her rowdy tresses, no beauty expert to tidy up her rampant curves. Finally, as the queen of the so-called neorealistic school of

she em

rs sinc

zh on the screen she can

CONTINUED ON NEXT PAGE

115

1 separate Italian islands half an hour

Bergman (bot

m pictures) was 1

on these pages) was making Vol

Strombs

HER FLOWING HAIR TANGLED WITH SEAWEED, MAGNANI GOES FOR

ANNA MAGNANT conrinveo

cinema (of which Rossellini is the king) ecializes in a class of role not generally considered to have wide audience appeal: she is the sereen’s most

convincing portrayer of the sad, seedy prostitute.

But the oddest aspect of Magnani’s pre-eminence is the inferiority of her vehicles. Except for the three films that have won her prizes. peared in few that measu excellence. With Volca

ers Ferruccio Caramelli, who is sometimes di

he has ap-

up to Italian or even American standards ted last A coproduc- cribed as a Roman Howard Hughes, and Panaria Films hope to have given her a really good film Dubbed in both languages, Volcano is the first film made by Italians pri marily for the American market. The cost topped 000, a whopping figure for an Italian production. William Dieterle was imported from Hol lywood to direct it, as well as Starlet Geraldine Brooks to play the ingénue lead, and Erskine Caldwell to write the English dialogue. It had its Itali premiere last week, will have its New York premiere early this spring.

Whatever the over-all merits of Volcano, Magnani’s appearance will very likely pack the house. The essence of this transcendent allure has prob

», which was comy

HER HAIR NEATLY CONFINED IN A BANDANA, BERGMAN REHEARSES.

SWIM OFF VULCANO ISLAND WITH SCENARIO WRITER RENZO AVANZO

ably been defined best by Dieterle. “Magnani,” he said, “is the last of the great shameless emotionalists. You have to go back to the silent movies for that kind of acting. Most of the modern stars try to cultivate under- statement and subtlety, but Magnani pulls out all the stops. The style is so old it looks new.”

A startling example and one which would probably run afoul of censor- ship if it were shown in this country is the mo Love, It consists of two unrelated studies of feminine passion. In the first part, an adaptation of Jean Cocteau’s one-act, one-character tear-jerker, The Human Voice, a jilted woman spends 20 minutes on the telephone pleading with her faith- Jess lover. It has usually been performed in a low, sophisticated key nani sheds Niagaras of tears, howls like Medea and rolls on the floor in her anguish. The second part, entitled The Miracle, pictures in unsparing detail the story of a peasant girl with religious dementia who takes a pass- ing stranger for Saint Joseph. Plying her with wine, he seduces her. Dur- ing her ensuing pregnancy she believes she is bearing the Christ Child and, as her time appro: ¢ crawls up a mountainside to an abandoned nu nery where she gives birth, moaning, “Bambino, bambino...” In th tion scene Magnani conveys the combination of religious eesti

OFF STROMBOLI ISLAND WITH HER LEADING MAN, MARIO VITALE

GASPING, MAGNANL LEANS WEARILY ON A ROCK ON HER ISLAND

cation and physical transport by uprootin nd chewing it furiously. Off the screen Magnani often flaunts her emotion with equal fury and

abandon, At the 1948 Venice Film Festival, for example, when Lov

to win her an award (it went instead to Jean Simmons for her perforr

Ophelia in the Olivier Hamlet), Magnani tore through the Hotel E

a typhoon, seream ‘Goddam them, they didn’t gi ne the

ary attitude toward the men in her |

When one of them dro

celsior | prize! exclu

has a prop even their ma

off

sociates,

lover's quarrel she chased him in her own car up and down th ia Veneto until she could lay her wheels on his rear fender d nudge him to the curb. To the bemusement of onlookers she thereupon demonstrated again her

quent, fluent profanity.

also produce spectacular gestures of 7 ght of some convicts in a Sicilian jail, she sent them 40,000 lire. When an electrician on her set contracted ulcers, she footed all his hospital bills. (Let the same electrician flub a light cue while she is performing and her fury is likely to cost him his job.) But she is, in other respects, almost a penny pincher, visiting the smart shops and restaurants infrequently and entertaining cautiously.

jotions ean

CONTINUED ON NEXT PAGE URVEY HER ISLAND

, BERGMAN PERCH!

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118

MAGNANI’S ACTING is effusive, dynamic, instinctive. Here, in The Hon- orable Angelina, she organizes neighbors in a fight against a local black market.

ANNA MAGNANTI continue

Magnani is a profoundly, incurably melancholy woman, Yet, with the peculiar split personality of the born actress, she is able to detach herself from sorrow, in a sense enjoy it and explore its his- trionic content. When Rossellini transferred his affections to Ingrid Bergman, Magnani’s grief was Sophoclean. She harrowed her sym- pathizers with all-night analyses of her suffering and threatened suicide. She begged newspaper reporters, ‘Please, please, leave me ith my edy.”” She also promised, “I will break every plate of spaghetti in Rome over his head.” Many observers feared for Bergman’s physical safety should the two women ever meet. They never did, and presently Magnani’s mood lapsed into one of morose resignation. When Bergman finally flew to Rome, Magnani enacted, quite spontaneously, her own version of The Human Voice. Telephoning an intimate member of Rossellini’s circle at 2 o’clock the morning from London, where she had gone to attend thi ing of one of her films, she asked, “Has she arrived?” “Yes, the friend. The dialogue continued as follows:

Macxant Mannaggia! (freely translated, ‘Goddam’) Is she pretty? Frienp Yes.

Macwant_ Mannaggia! Was he waiting for her at the airport? Frienp Yes.

Macnant. Mannaggia! (a pause) Did they kiss?

Frrenn Yes.

Macnant_ Mannaggia! (a long pause) Did he drive her to her hotel? Frrenp Yes.

Macat_ Mannaggia! (a pause of a minute) Did they go by the old Appian Way, in the moonlight?

Frrenp Yes.

Macnant Mannaggia! (she hung up)

During’a game of Truth and Consequences staged for laughs by the Voleano company, Magnani replied in answer to a pointed ques- tion about Rossellini, “I have never been happy in my life.” “Come now, Anna,” Dieterle chided her, “you were happy as a lark the other day.” She exploded: “How dare you tell me I was happy!

Never, never in my life!”

Fatherless, motherless

ITHOUT doubt, many of the simplest requirements for hap- piness have eluded Magnani, She was born out of wedlock to

a girl of the working class, Marina Casadei. Before she was a month old her father, Francesco Magnani, disappeared. People close to the actress feel that this rejection by her father explains her ambiva- lence toward men, whom she cannot live happily with or without. In her third year her mother too went away to make a fresh start in Egypt, and Anna did not see her for 12 years. She rarely refers to her mother today and when she does it is with an undertone of resentment. “I am really grateful to Marina,” she once said. “Had she been the usual sort of mother, I would probably never have be- come an actress. But she was violent, willful and romantic—I take after her. Egypt was her escape. Acting is mine.”

Anna was entrusted to the care of dparents, to whom her mother sent money from Egypt for her support. The Casadeis were a big, brawling, joyous but poor tribe who lived precariously on the

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119

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120

ANNA MAGNANT conrinueo

wrong side of the Tiber in a district as colorful as a Persian bazaar. Although Magnani has long since moved to more elegant quarters, she is irresistibly drawn back to the scenes of her girlhood. She likes to dine there of an evening in one of the local restaurants, raucously swapping ribaldries with old friends who thee-and-thou her as one of them. When “our Nannarella” departs, the police have to clear a path through the crowd.

‘Anna was a plain, frail child with a forlornness of spirit that touched her grandparents, They pampered her, often depriving themselves to provide her with good clothes and food. She fared so much better than the other children of the neighborhood that they would tear her dresses in envy and taunt her with epithets such as “Dung Princess.” But then as now she felt more at ease among earthy companions than refined ones and unfailingly cosied up to the toughest kid on the block. “I am antibourgeois,” she proclaims defensively. “I hate respectability. Give me the life of the streets, of common people.” This antipathy toward polite society occasions many a display of brusque incivility. An elderly lady, having met Magnani at a theatrical function and learned that she had a son, observed kindly, “I never think of yousomehow as a mother.” Mag- nani replied, “I never think of you somehow as a lady.”

One day a mongrel dog bit Anna severely on the cheek, sending her to the hospital. Far from fearing dogs thereafter, she still be- friends them with frenzied enthusiasm, professing to value them above humans. She is continu- ally rescuing stray curs in the street, picking the fleas out of their hair and ceaselessly seek- ing homes for them. She has not spoken formonths to friends who declined to adopt one of these foundlings. When Dieterle or- dered a barking dog banished from Volcano, Magnani sulked until it was brought back and fed, The only known exception oc- curred recently when a barking watchdog in a monastery below her apartment kept her awake all night. She threatened the monks that if they did not keep the dog quiet she would parade stark naked on her balcony. So the monks kept the dog awake all day, the dog slept all night and Magnani kept her clothes on. Her present menage includes, besides Micia (a gift from Rossellini), Pipo, a nervous poodle who, though unhousebroken, shares her bed; Musina, a Persian cat; four kittens and a nameless turtle.

When she was 7 Anna attended a French convent school in Rome where she learned to speak the language well. She also studied the piano, which she still plays expertly. But her most expressive mu- sical instrument is her own resonant, somber, contralto voice. At parties or alone she likes to sing bittersweet songs in romanesco (Roman version of Brooklynese), accompanying herself on the guitar. Those who have heard her treasure the experience more than any film she ever made.

At the convent, too, she acquired her passion for acting when the nuns staged a Christmas play. The remittances from her mother were just enough to cover tuition in a dramatic school, and at 17 she entered the Eleonora Duse dramatic school. (A critic later al- luded to Magnani as “the peasant Duse.”) Midway through the course she was interviewed by the actor-manager of a touring rep- ertory company who needed extras. She jumped at the chance, al- though the pay was only 25 lire (88¢) a day. She never again ac- cepted help from her mother.

‘There are few apprenticeships seamier than that offered by the Italian theater. Magnani was spared none of it. For the next few years she shifted from one tattered troupe to another, seldom earn- ing a living wage but gradually getting better parts. The ordeal instilled in her an appreciation of money which has since caused many a producer to toss in his sleep. At the outset of her film career she would report to work with hand outstretched and keep it so until she held her day’s pay—in cash, no checks. She can now bring herself to wait until the end of the week, but her first move upon undertaking a new film is to find the man in charge of incidental expenses, turn her purse inside out to show that it is empty and warn him, “It’s up to you.” The wardrobe bill she submitted for Volcano, in which she wore mostly peasant garb, ran to two mil- lion lire ($3,200).

HER HUSBAND is Goffredo Ales- sandrini, from whom she is separated.

In 1933 Magnani was doing experimental plays in Rome with an earnest little art group when Goffredo Alessandrini, a movie direc- tor of the jodhpur-wearing, megaphone-wielding tradition, saw her act. Excited by her fieriness, he hurried backstage. He was of a prom- inent, wealthy family and as gallant as a guardsman. Two years later they were married. Magnani immediately retired to devote herself exclusively to her husband. “I suffered horribly away from the the ter,” she says, “but I could bear to be away from Goffredo even le:

The idyll was short-lived. Alessandrini’s attentions soon strayed to other women. “You know how it is,” says Magnani with a for- bearance she did not feel at the time, “‘a man gets tired of the same woman,”

Her interests at home disappearing, she went back into the thea- ter to portray a gallery of delinquent heroines—Carmen, Maya, Anna Christie. She was not a sensation, but few actresses ever are in Italy, where the people take their drama haphazardly. Rome supports barely nine theaters, and three weeks is an average run for any play. Where Magnani finally achieved a smashing success on the stage was in the sceneryless reviews organized hy the ei leading actors during the American occupation when shortages made legitimate plays difficult to stage. Singing, dancing and re- citing racy monologues, she captivated GIs who saedastoed at